PUBLIC INTEREST WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION ACT
Act No. 10472, Mar. 29, 2011
Amended by Act No. 12265, Jan. 14, 2014
Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015
Act No. 14830, Apr. 18, 2017
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
The purpose of this Act is to contribute to the stabilization of the livelihood of citizens and the establishment of a transparent and clean social climate by protecting and supporting those who have reported any conduct that is detrimental to the public interest.
The definitions of terms used in this Act shall be as follows: <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015>
| 1. | The term "conduct detrimental to the public interest" means any of the following conducts detrimental to the health and safety of the people, the environment, the interests of consumers and fair competition: |
| (a) | Any conduct falling under the penalty provisions of the Acts prescribed in the attached Table; |
| (b) | Any conduct subject to administrative measures prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as measures for the cancellation or suspension of approval or a permit, etc. in accordance with Acts prescribed in the attached Table; |
| 2. | The term "public interest report" means to file a report of, make representations of, provide information about, make a complaint or bring a charge of the fact that any conduct detrimental to the public interest has been committed or is likely to be committed, or to provide a lead for investigation into any conduct detrimental to the public interest to persons who fall under any of the subparagraphs of Article 6: Provided, That where a public interest report falls under any of the following items, it shall not be deemed a public interest report: |
| (a) | Where the reporter makes a public interest report despite being aware or in a position to be aware of the fact that the details of the public interest report are untrue; |
| (b) | Where the reporter requests money or other valuables, or a special favor in labor relations in connection with the public interest report, files the public interest report for other unlawful purposes; |
| 3. | The term "public interest report, etc." means to file a public interest report and to make a statement, bear witness or provide materials in the inquiry, investigation of or lawsuit against a public interest report, and in the investigation or lawsuit related to measures of protection for a public interest reporter; |
| 4. | The term "public interest reporter" means a person who files a public interest report; |
| 5. | The term "public interest reporter, etc." means a public interest reporter and a person who makes a statement, bears witness, or provides materials in the inquiry, investigation of or lawsuit against a public interest reporter, and in the investigation or lawsuit related to measures of protection for a public interest reporter; |
| 6. | The term "disadvantageous measures" means measures falling under any of the following items: |
| (a) | Dismissal, release from office, discharge, or other disadvantageous measures against a person's social position equivalent to the loss of social position; |
| (b) | Disciplinary punishment, suspension from office, curtailment of salary, demotion, restrictions on advancement, or other unfair personnel measures; |
| (c) | Transference of position, transference of office, withholding duties, reassignment of duties, or other personnel measures against the intention of the person himself/herself; |
| (d) | Discrimination in performance evaluation, colleague evaluation, etc., and discriminative payment of wages, bonuses, etc. attendant thereon; |
| (e) | Cancellation of opportunities for self-development, such as education or training, restrictions on or removal of available resources, such as budgets or human resources, suspension of the use of or cancellation of qualifications for dealing with security information or classified information, or other discrimination or measures that have a negative effect on the working conditions, etc.; |
| (f) | Preparation of a list of persons subject to surveillance, or disclosure of such a list, bullying, violence or threatening language, or other acts that cause physical or mental harm; |
| (g) | An unjust inspection or investigation of duties, or disclosure of the result thereof; |
| (h) | Cancellation of approval or a permit, or other acts that give administrative disadvantage; |
| (i) | Cancellation of a commodity or service contract, or other measures that give economic disadvantage; |
| 7. | The term "internal public interest reporter" means any of the following public interest reporters: |
| (a) | A person who works or worked for a public institution, enterprise, corporation, organization, etc. that are reported; |
| (b) | A person who conducts or conducted affairs in accordance with a construction or service contract or any other contract entered into with a public institution, enterprise, corporation, organization, etc. that are reported; |
| (c) | Other persons prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 3 (Responsibility of State, etc.) |
| (1) | The State or a local government shall endeavor to prevent any violation of the public interest, to prevent the spread thereof, and to protect public interest reporters, etc. |
| (2) | Each enterprise shall endeavor to create conditions in which public interest reporters, etc. in the workplace are protected. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | The State or a local government may provide support or cooperation so that activities, etc. of enterprises to prevent violations of the public interest are revitalized. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 4 (Formulation of Policies of Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission) |
| (1) | The Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Commission") shall formulate policies for the following matters to protect and support public interest reporters, etc.: |
| 1. | Matters concerning the receipt of and processing, etc. of public interest reports; |
| 2. | Matters concerning the confidentiality and personal protection, etc. of public interest reporters, etc.; |
| 3. | Matters concerning the prohibition of taking disadvantageous measures against public interest reporters, etc. and the measures of protection therefor, etc.; |
| 4. | Matters concerning the payment of a compensation or relief fund to public interest reporters, etc.; |
| 5. | Matters concerning education, public relations, etc. concerning the public interest reporters protection system. |
| (2) | Where necessary to efficiently formulate a policy prescribed in paragraph (1), the Commission may conduct a fact-finding survey on the current status of the treatment of public interest reports and protective measures on organizations and agencies prescribed in the subparagraphs of Article 6. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | Necessary matters concerning methods, procedures, etc. for fact-finding survey prescribed in paragraph (2) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 5 (Relations with Other Acts) |
Where any conflict arises between other Acts and this Act in connection with the protection of public interest reporters, etc., this Act shall prevail over other Acts; however, where the application of other Acts is favorable to public interest reporters, etc., such Acts shall apply thereto.
CHAPTER II PUBLIC INTEREST REPORTS
| Article 6 (Public Interest Reports) |
Any person deeming that a conduct detrimental to the public interest has been, or is likely to be, committed may make a public interest report to any of the following persons:
| 1. | A person who commits a conduct detrimental to the public interest, or a representative or employer of an institution, organization or corporation that commits an offence detrimental to the public interest; |
| 2. | An administrative agency or supervisory agency that has guiding, supervisory, regulatory, or investigative authority for a conduct detrimental to the public interest (hereinafter referred to as "investigative agency"); |
| 3. | A criminal investigative agency; |
| 5. | Other persons whose filing a public interest report thereto is deemed necessary for the prevention of the occurrence of an offence detrimental to the public interest or the spread of damage caused by the occurrence thereof and prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 7 (Duty of Public Officials to File Public Interest Reports) |
| Article 8 (Methods of Public Interest Reports) |
| (1) | A person who intends to file a public interest report shall submit a document in which the following matters are stated (including an electronic document; hereinafter referred to as "written report") to a person under any of the subparagraphs of Article 6 along with evidence, etc. of the relevant conduct detrimental to the public interest: |
| 1. | Personal information about the public interest reporter, such as his/her name, resident registration number, domicile, contact details, etc.; |
| 2. | The person whose conduct is detrimental to the public interest; |
| 3. | Details of the conduct detrimental to the public interest; |
| 4. | The purport of and reasons for the public interest report. |
| (2) | Notwithstanding paragraph (1), where a person who intends to file a public interest report is under extenuating circumstances that prohibit him/her from submitting a written report, he/she may file a report verbally. In such cases, he/she shall submit evidence, etc. |
| (3) | A person who receives a verbal report under paragraph (2) shall write down the matters told by a public interest reporter in a written report, read the same to him/her, and have him/her affix his/her signature or seal. |
| Article 9 (Confirmation, Notification, etc. of Content of Reports) |
| (1) | Where the Commission receives a public interest report, it may verify matters necessary for specifying the reported matters, such as personal information about the public interest reporter, the circumstances surrounding, purport, etc. of the public interest report. |
| (2) | The Commission may request a public interest reporter to submit necessary materials within the extent necessary for verifying the authenticity of matters prescribed in paragraph (1). |
| (3) | After the Commission has completed verification prescribed in paragraph (2), it shall notify the relevant investigative agency or criminal investigative agency of the fact immediately, and notify the public interest reporter of the fact. |
| (4) | An investigative agency or criminal investigative agency notified of a public interest report pursuant to paragraph (3) shall notify the Commission of the results of investigation or criminal investigation after it has completed the investigation or criminal investigation. In such cases, the Commission shall notify the public interest reporter of the summary of the results of investigation or criminal investigation. |
| (5) | Where the Commission deems it necessary to prevent the spread and recurrence of violations of the public interest after it receives notification of the results of investigation pursuant to paragraph (4), it may present its opinion through the following measures under the relevant statutes, in addition to necessary measures taken by the relevant investigative agency pursuant to Article 10 (4) in accordance with the results of investigation: <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| 1. | Suspension of the manufacture or sale of, or recall or destruction of products; |
| 2. | Suspension of business, suspension of qualification, etc.; |
| 3. | Other measures necessary for elimination, prevention, etc. of the relevant violations of the public interest. |
| (6) | Any public interest reporter, in the receipt of notification prescribed in paragraph (4), may file an objection to the results of inspection or the results of investigation with the Commission, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (7) | Where the Commission deems an inspection conducted by an inspection agency or investigation conducted by an investigative agency insufficient, or a formal objection prescribed in paragraph (6) reasonable, it may request an inspection agency to conduct a reinspection or investigative agency to conduct a reinvestigation. <Newly inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (8) | An inspection agency requested to conduct a reinspection or investigative agency requested to conduct a reinvestigation shall notify the Commission of the results of reinspection or reinvestigation after it completes the reinspection or reinvestigation. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 9-2 (Guidance on Protection and Support) |
| (1) | The Commission shall formulate and implement guidance on the following matters: |
| 1. | Matters concerning maintaining confidentiality provided for in Article 12; |
| 2. | Matters concerning request for personal protection measures provided for in Article 13; |
| 3. | Matters concerning request for personnel measures provided for in Article 16; |
| 4. | Matters concerning requests for protective measures provided for in Article 17; |
| 5. | Matters concerning requests for the prohibition of disadvantageous measures provided for in Article 22; |
| 6. | Matters concerning requests for the payment of compensation provided for in Article 26; |
| 7. | Matters concerning payment of prize money provided for in Article 26-2; |
| 8. | Matters concerning requests for the payment of relief funds provided for in Article 27. |
| (2) | Persons eligible for guidance, methods for providing such guidance, and other necessary matters pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 14830, Apr. 18, 2017]
| Article 10 (Processing of Public Interest Reports) |
| (1) | Where an investigative agency receives a public interest report or is notified of a public interest report by the Commission, it shall conduct a necessary investigation concerning the details thereof. |
| (2) | Where a public interest report falls under any of the following subparagraphs, it may choose not to conduct an investigation, or discontinue and conclude the investigation: |
| 1. | Where the details of the public interest report are expressly untrue; |
| 2. | Where personal information about the public interest reporter is unknown; |
| 3. | Where the public interest reporter fails to supplement the written report or evidentiary materials, etc. within the period of supplementation, although he/she has received a request for supplementation on two or more occasions; |
| 4. | Where the public interest reporter files a further report on the matters already notified of the results of processing the public interest report without good cause; |
| 5. | Where details of the public interest report fall under those disclosed through news media, etc. and no new evidence is found other than the one already disclosed; |
| 6. | Where an investigation of the relevant conduct detrimental to the public interest has been instituted or already completed according to other statutes; |
| 7. | Where it is prescribed by Presidential Decree that no investigation of the relevant conduct detrimental to the public interest is required. |
| (3) | Where an investigative agency chooses not to conduct an investigation, or discontinue and conclude an investigation pursuant to paragraph (2), it shall immediately notify the relevant public interest reporter of the fact. |
| (4) | Where an investigative agency has concluded investigation of a public interest report, it shall take necessary measures according to the outcomes of investigation and notify the public interest reporter of the results thereof. |
| (5) | No person, etc. working with the agency that has received a public interest report pursuant to Article 6 shall disclose the details of the report including personal information, etc. about the person reported before any conduct detrimental to the public interest is found as a result of an investigation of the public interest report. |
| (6) | Where an investigation agency has received or transferred, or notified of a public interest report that does not fall under the jurisdiction thereof, it shall transfer such a report to the relevant investigation agency and notify the public interest reporter of the fact. |
| Article 10-2 (Construction and Operation of Integrated Information System for Public Interest Report) |
| (1) | The Commission may construct and operate an integrated information system that manages the current status of the receipt and treatment of public interest reports (hereinafter referred to as "integrated information system"). |
| (2) | Where necessary to construct and operate an integrated information system, the Commission may request organizations and agencies under the subparagraphs of Article 6 to provide data and information on the receipt and treatment of public interest reports, and retain and use such data and information within the scope of purposes of the provision thereof. In such cases, any person, in the receipt of a request for providing data and information, shall comply with such request unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. |
| (3) | The Commission shall take measures necessary to protect data and information it retains and uses pursuant to paragraph (2). |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015]
CHAPTER III PROTECTION OF PUBLIC INTEREST REPORTERS, ETC.
| Article 11 (Omission, etc. of Personal Information) |
| (2) | A public interest reporter, etc. or his/her legal representative may request an investigative agency or criminal investigative agency to take measures under paragraph (1). In such cases, the investigative agency or criminal investigative agency shall comply with such request unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. |
| Article 12 (Duty to Maintain Confidentiality of Public Interest Reporters) |
| (1) | No person shall inform another person of the personal information about a public interest reporter, etc. or any fact from which one can readily infer that he/she is a public interest reporter, etc., or disclose or report the same although he/she knows the circumstances: Provided, That this shall not apply to cases where the public interest reporter, etc. consents thereto. |
| (2) | Where personal information about a public interest reporter, etc. or the fact by which people may become aware that a person is a public interest reporter, etc. is disclosed or reported, in violation of paragraph (1), the Commission may confirm how personal information or the fact is disclosed or reported. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | Where the Commission deems it necessary to confirm circumstances prescribed in paragraph (2), it may request an agency to which the relevant public interest reporter, etc. filed a public interest report, etc. to submit relevant data or state its opinion. In such cases, the relevant agency that receives a request for submitting data or stating its opinion shall comply with such request unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (4) | The Commission may request a person who has the authority to take disciplinary action against the person who has informed others of personal information about a public interest reporter, etc. or the fact by which people may become aware that he/she is a public interest reporter, etc., or disclosed or reported personal information or the fact, in violation of paragraph (1), to take necessary measures, such as taking disciplinary action against the relevant person. <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 13 (Personal Protection Measures) |
| (1) | Where it is evident that a public interest reporter, etc., his/her relative or cohabitant has suffered or is likely to suffer serious harm to his/her life or body due to a public interest report, etc. he/she may request the Commission to take necessary measures for his/her personal protection. In such cases, where the Commission deems it necessary, it may request the chief of a police station to take measures for his/her personal protection. |
| (2) | The chief of a police station requested to take measures for personal protection under paragraph (1) shall immediately take measures for personal protection, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 14 (Reduction of and Exemption from Responsibility, etc.) |
| (1) | Where a criminal act of a public interest reporter, etc. is found in connection with a public interest report, etc., the public interest reporter may face reduced punishment or be exempt from the relevant punishment. |
| (2) | Where a person who has the authority to take disciplinary action against a public interest reporter, etc. takes disciplinary action against him/her or a person who has the authority to take administrative measures against a public interest reporter, etc. takes unfavorable administrative measures against him/her by reason of an offense, etc. discovered in relation to a public interest report, etc., the Commission may request the person who has the authority to take disciplinary action or the person who has the authority to take administrative measures to reduce such disciplinary action or administrative measures or exempt him/her from such disciplinary action or administrative measures. In such cases, the person who receives a request shall comply with such request unless there is just cause. <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | Even where classified information in respect of a person's duties is included in the details of a public interest report, etc., a public interest reporter shall not be deemed to have violated his/her official duty to maintain confidentiality according to other statutes, a collective agreement, the rules of employment, etc. |
| (4) | Even where a person reported suffers a loss due to a public interest report, etc., he/she shall not claim damages against a public interest reporter, etc.: Provided, That where a public interest reporter falls under subparagraph 2 (a) and (b) of Article 2, he/she may claim damages. |
| (5) | Where provisions of a collective agreement, employment contract, supply contract, etc. prohibit or restrict a public interest report, etc., such provisions shall be invalidated. |
| (6) | Where the Commission deems it necessary to request reduction of or exemption from disciplinary action or administrative measures under paragraph (2), the Commission may request a person who has the authority to take disciplinary action or a person who has the authority to take administrative measures, or an agency to which the relevant public interest reporter, etc. has made a pubic interest report, etc. to submit relevant data or state his/her or its opinion. In such cases, the relevant agency that receives a request for submitting data or stating its opinion shall comply with such request unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 15 (Prohibition of Disadvantageous Measures, etc.) |
| (1) | No person shall take disadvantageous measures against a public interest reporter, etc. by reason of having filed a public interest report, etc. |
| (2) | No person shall interfere with filing a public interest report, etc., or compel a public interest reporter, etc. to cancel a public interest report, etc. |
| Article 16 (Preferential Consideration of Personnel Measures) |
Where a public interest reporter, etc. requests an employer or a person having personnel authority to take measures concerning personnel management, such as a change of occupation, transference to another office, transference from another office, dispatched service, etc., the employer or person having personnel authority shall consider the public interest reporter's request preferentially if he/she deems the details of such request appropriate.
| Article 17 (Requests for Protective Measures) |
| (1) | Where a public interest reporter, etc. is subjected to disadvantageous measures (including cases where he/she files a public interest report after he/she has been subjected to disadvantageous measures while preparing a public interest report, such as the collection of corroborating facts about conducts detrimental to the public interest) by reason of filing a public interest report, etc., he/she may request the Commission to take measures for reinstatement or other necessary measures (hereinafter referred to as "protective measures"). |
| (2) | A public interest reporter, etc. shall request protective measures within three months from the date disadvantageous measures are taken (where the disadvantageous measures continue, referring to the date of the termination thereof): Provided, That where a public interest reporter, etc. could not request protective measures within three months against a natural disaster, war, accident, or other force majeure events, he/she may request the same within 14 days (in the case of a request for protective measures from abroad, referring to 30 days) from the date such a reason ceases to exist. |
| (3) | Where there is a procedure for administrative relief from disadvantageous measures to which a public interest reporter, etc. has been subjected due to filing of a public interest report, etc. in other statutes, he/she may request the relief according to such procedure: Provided, That this shall not apply to cases where a public interest reporter, etc. has requested the protective measures pursuant to paragraph (1). |
| (4) | Necessary matters concerning the method and procedure for requests for protective measures shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 18 (Dismissal of Requests for Protective Measures without Prejudice) |
Where a request for protective measures falls under any of the following subparagraphs, the Commission may dismiss such request without prejudice:
| 2. | Where a public interest report falls under any of the subparagraphs of Article 10 (2); |
| 3. | Where a public interest reporter makes a request after the request period prescribed in Article 17 (2); |
| 4. | Where a public interest reporter makes a request again for taking protective measures against the same disadvantageous measures on which he/she has received a decision of dismissal without prejudice, a decision to take protective measures prescribed in Article 20 (1) or dismissal decision; |
| 5. | Where a public interest reporter makes a request again for taking protective measures for matters on which the Commission has recommended to take protective measures pursuant to Article 20 (2); |
| 6. | Where a public interest reporter requests a procedure for relief under other statutes; |
| 7. | Where a public interest reporter has already been granted relief according to the procedure for relief prescribed in other statutes. |
| Article 19 (Investigation of Request for Protective Measures) |
| (1) | Where the Commission receives a request to take protective measures, it shall immediately launch an investigation into whether the relevant public interest reporter, etc. has been subjected to disadvantageous measures by reason of the public interest report, etc. In such cases, the Commission may notify an investigative agency of the fact that the public interest reporter, etc. has made a request for protective measures. |
| (2) | Where the Commission deems it necessary for investigating a request to take protective measures, it may request those falling under any of the following subparagraphs to submit relevant materials: |
| 1. | A person who has made a request for protective measures (hereinafter referred to as "applicant"); |
| 2. | A person who has taken disadvantageous measures; |
| 3. | A person of reference; |
| 4. | A relevant institution, organization or enterprise. |
| (3) | The Commission may request those prescribed in paragraph (2) 1 through 3 to attend a meeting of the Commission to hear their statements, or request them to submit written statements. |
| (4) | The Commission shall give the persons concerned sufficient opportunities to produce a prima facie proof in the course of investigation. |
| (5) | An investigative agency notified under the latter part of paragraph (1) shall cooperate in connection with the Commission's investigation of a request for protective measures, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 20 (Decision to Take Protection Measures) |
| (1) | Where the Commission deems that, as a result of investigation, an applicant has been subjected to disadvantageous measures (excluding any disadvantageous measure falling under subparagraph 6 (h) and (i) of Article 2) due to a public interest report, etc. it shall make a decision requesting the person who has taken disadvantageous measures to take protective measures set forth in the following subparagraphs (hereinafter referred to as "decision to take protective measures") within a fixed period not exceeding 30 days, and where it deems that the applicant has not been subjected to disadvantageous measures due to the public interest report, etc. it shall make a decision dismissing the request for protective measures (hereinafter referred to dismissal decision"): |
| 1. | Measures of reinstatement; |
| 2. | Payment of differentiated wages paid, wages in arrears, etc. (including interest); |
| 3. | Cancellation or prohibition of other disadvantageous measures. |
| (2) | Where the Commission deems that an applicant has been subjected to disadvantageous measures falling under subparagraph 6 (h) or (i) of Article 2 due to a public interest report, etc., it may recommend (hereinafter referred to as "recommendation") the person who has taken such disadvantageous measures take necessary protective measures, such as maintaining the validity of approval or a permit, or a contract, etc., within a fixed period not exceeding 30 days. |
| (3) | The Commission shall issue a decision of dismissal without prejudice prescribed in Article 18, decision to take protective measures, and dismissal decision prescribed in paragraph (1), and recommendation prescribed in paragraph (2) in writing and shall notify both the relevant applicant and the person who has taken disadvantageous measures thereof. |
| (4) | Where the Commission makes a decision to take protective measures, it may request the person who has the right to take disciplinary action against the person who has taken disadvantageous measures due to a public interest report, etc. to take disciplinary action against him/her. |
| (5) | Necessary matters concerning the standards for payment of differentiated wages paid, wages in arrears, etc. prescribed in paragraph (1) 2 and the method for computation thereof, etc. shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 20-2 (Special Protective Measures) |
| (1) | Where it is reasonable to believe that a violation of the public interest takes place at the time an internal public interest reporter files a report, the Commission may decide to take protective measures. |
| (2) | Articles 20, 21, and 21-2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision to take protective measures under paragraph (1). |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015]
| Article 21 (Finalized Decision to Take Protective Measures, etc.) |
| (1) | An applicant or a person who has taken disadvantageous measures may file for an administrative litigation against a decision to take protective measures, dismissal decision, or decision of a dismissal without prejudice within 30 days from the date he/she receives the written decision, as prescribed by the Administrative Litigation Act. |
| (2) | Where an applicant or a person who has taken disadvantageous measures fails to file an administrative litigation by the period prescribed in paragraph (1), the relevant decision to take protective measures, dismissal decision, or decision of a dismissal without prejudice shall be finalized. |
| (3) | An applicant or a person who has taken disadvantageous measures shall not file an administrative appeal under the Administrative Appeals Act against a decision to take protective measures, decision of dismissal or decision of a dismissal without prejudice. |
| (4) | The validity of a decision to take protective measures, dismissal decision , or decision of dismissal without prejudice shall not be suspended by instituting administrative litigation under paragraph (1). <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 21-2 (Charges for Compelling Compliance) |
| (1) | The Commission shall impose a charge for compelling compliance of up to 20 million won on a person who fails to take protective measures by the due date after he/she receives a decision to take protective measures under Article 20 (1): Provided, That the foregoing shall not apply to the State or local governments. |
| (2) | The Commission shall notify in advance its intention that it will impose and collect a charge for compelling compliance in writing no later than 30 days before it imposes the charge for compelling compliance under paragraph (1). |
| (3) | Where the Commission imposes a charge for compelling compliance under paragraph (1), it shall impose such charge in writing, specifying the amount of the charge for compelling compliance, a reason for the imposition thereof, the deadline for the payment thereof, the receiving institution, methods for filing an objection, an agency with which an objection is filed. |
| (4) | The Commission may repeatedly impose and collect a charge for compelling compliance under paragraph (1) until protective measures are implemented within twice a year based on the date on which a decision to take protective measures is made. In such cases, it shall not impose and collect the charge for compelling compliance for more than two years. |
| (5) | Where a person who has taken unfavorable measures takes protective measures, the Commission shall not impose a new charge for compelling compliance, but shall collect the charge for compelling compliance already imposed. |
| (6) | Where a person liable to pay a charge for compelling compliance fails to pay such charge for compelling compliance by the deadline for payment, the Commission shall urge him/her to pay the charge for compelling compliance within a fixed period, and where he/she fails to pay the charge for compelling compliance under paragraph (1) within the fixed period, it may collect the charge for compelling compliance according to examples of the disposition of unpaid national taxes. |
| (7) | Necessary matters concerning guidelines for imposition, procedures for collection, etc. of charges for compelling compliance under paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015]
| Article 22 (Request for Prohibition of Disadvantageous Measures) |
| (1) | Where it is evident that a public interest reporter, etc. is likely to be subjected to disadvantageous measures due to a public interest report, etc. (including a preparatory act for a public interest report, such as the collection of corroborating facts of conducts detrimental to public interest), he/she may request the Commission to prohibit disadvantageous measures. |
| (2) | Where the Commission is requested to prohibit disadvantageous measures, it shall immediately launch an investigation into whether disadvantageous measures to which a public interest reporter, etc. is likely to be subjected fall under disadvantageous measures due to a public interest report, etc. |
| (3) | The provisions of Articles 18, 19, and 20 (1) through (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to requests to prohibit disadvantageous measures. |
| (4) | Where the Commission deems that, as a result of investigation, a public interest reporter, etc. is likely to be subjected to disadvantageous measures due to a public interest report, etc., it shall recommend a person who intends to take disadvantageous measures not take such disadvantageous measures. |
| Article 23 (Presumption of Disadvantageous Measures) |
Where there exist grounds falling under the following subparagraphs, it is presumed that a public interest reporter, etc. has been subjected to disadvantageous measures due to the relevant public interest report, etc.:
| 1. | Where a person intends to identify the public interest reporter, etc., or interferes with the public interest report, etc., or compels the public interest reporter, etc. to cancel the public interest report, etc.; |
| 2. | Where a person takes disadvantageous measures against the public interest reporter, etc. within two years after he/she files the public interest report, etc.; |
| 3. | Where a person takes disadvantageous measures although he/she is recommended to prohibit disadvantageous measures under Article 22 (4). |
| Article 24 (Recommendation for Reconciliation, etc.) |
| (1) | Where the Commission receives a request for protective measures, it may recommend reconciliation on protective measures and a claim for damages, etc. or make a proposal for reconciliation ex officio or at the request of the persons concerned until it makes a decision to take protective measures, dismissal decision or decision of a dismissal without prejudice. In such cases, the conditions that violate the purpose of this Act shall not be included in a proposal for reconciliation. |
| (2) | The Commission shall hear the opinions of the persons concerned in full before preparing a proposal for reconciliation. |
| (3) | Where the persons concerned accept a proposal for reconciliation of the Commission, it shall prepare a reconciliation protocol and have the persons concerned and all of the members of the Commission involved in reconciliation affix their signatures and their seals on the protocol. |
| (4) | Where the Commission prepares a reconciliation protocol pursuant to paragraph (3), an agreement containing the same contents as the reconciliation protocol shall be deemed to have been effected between the persons concerned, and the reconciliation protocol shall have the same force and effect as a consent judgment under the Civil Procedure Act. |
| Article 25 (Request for Cooperation, etc.) |
| (1) | Where it is necessary for investigating and processing the details of a report or protective measures, the agency that receives a public interest report pursuant to paragraph (6) or the Commission may request the administrative agencies concerned, counseling centers or medical institutions, and other related organizations, etc. to provide cooperation and assistance. |
| (2) | The administrative agencies concerned, counseling centers or medical institutions, and other related organizations, etc. in receipt of such request prescribed in paragraph (1) shall comply with such request, unless there is good cause. |
| Article 25-2 (Special Cases of Reporting on Political Campaigns, etc.) |
| (1) | Where any public official prescribed in the State Public Officials Act and the Local Public Officials Act (excluding an employee of the National Intelligence Service under Article 2 of the Act on Staff of National Intelligence Service; hereinafter in this Article referred to as "State public official, etc.") is instructed to perform any of the following acts, he/she may file an objection in accordance with procedures prescribed by Presidential Decree, and where such instruction is not corrected, he/she may refuse to execute such duties: |
| (2) | Where any State public official, etc. reports the fact that he/she is instructed to perform an act falling under the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) to an investigative agency for the sole purpose of public interest when such instruction is not corrected after he/she follows procedures for filing an objection prescribed in paragraph (1), Article 127 of the Criminal Act and Article 80 of the Military Criminal Act shall not apply thereto. |
| (3) | No person shall give a disadvantage to a reporter prescribed in paragraph (2) by reason of a report he/she has filed. |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 12265, Jan. 14, 2014]
CHAPTER IV COMPENSATION AND RELIEF FUNDS
| Article 26 (Compensation) |
| (1) | Where a public interest report leads to a direct recovery of or increase in revenues of the State or a local government through imposition, etc. falling under any of the following subparagraphs, or legal status thereon is confirmed, an internal public interest reporter may request the Commission to pay him/her compensation: <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| 1. | The penalty provisions or disposition of notification; |
| 2. | Forfeiture or imposition of additional collection charges; |
| 3. | Imposition of administrative fines or charges for compelling the performance; |
| 4. | Imposition of penalty surcharges (where there is a penalty surcharge system that takes the place of disposition of the cancellation or suspension of approval or a permit, etc., including disposition of the cancellation or suspension of approval or a permit, etc.); |
| 5. | Other dispositions or decisions made by the court prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| (2) | Where the Commission receives an application for payment of compensation under paragraph (1), it shall pay compensation through deliberation and resolution by the Compensation Deliberative Committee prescribed in Article 69 of the Act on the Prevention of Corruption and the Establishment and Management of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Compensation Deliberative Committee"), as prescribed by Presidential Decree: Provided, That the Commission may reduce compensation or choose not to pay compensation for matters on which a person who is under an obligation to report a conduct detrimental to the public interest to the administrative agencies concerned, etc. or a public official files a public interest report in connection with his/her duties. |
| (3) | A public interest reporter shall request the Commission to pay him/her compensation under paragraph (1) within two years from the date he/she becomes aware that legal status of the recovery or increase in revenues of the State or a local government has been confirmed, or within five years from the date such legal status is confirmed: Provided, That this shall not apply to cases where there is good cause. |
| (4) | Where there is an application for payment of compensation under paragraph (1), unless there is a compelling reason not to do so, the Commission shall decide whether to pay such compensation or the amount of compensation to be paid within 90 days from the date of application. |
| (5) | Where the Commission deems it necessary to conduct an investigation in connection with the payment of compensation, it may request the applicant for payment of compensation, persons of reference, related agencies, etc. to attend, make a statement or submit materials. Where an applicant for payment of compensation, person of reference, related agency, etc. is requested by the Commission to attend, make a statement or submit materials, he/she or it shall comply with such request unless there is good cause. |
| (6) | Where the Commission decides to pay compensation under paragraph (4), it shall immediately notify the applicant for payment of compensation and related local government (limited to cases where it pays compensation by reason of a direct recovery of or increase in revenues of the local government and the confirmation of legal status thereof). |
| Article 26-2 (Prize Money) |
| (1) | Where a public interest report, etc. brings remarkable property benefits to the State or a local government, prevents loss, or promotes the public interest for any of the following grounds, the Commission may grant prize money: Provided, That it shall not grant prize money that overlaps with compensation prescribed in Article 26 or compensation prescribed in other statutes: |
| 1. | Where a person who has committed a violation of the public interest is granted a stay of prosecution, probation, stay of execution, or sentence; |
| 2. | Where administrative measures that require specific actions, such as an order to take corrective action, or prohibition are taken; |
| 3. | Where a public interest report, etc. contributes to the improvement of systems, such as the enactment or amendment of relevant statutes for the prevention of violations of the public interest; |
| 4. | Other grounds prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| (2) | Matters concerning guidelines, public interest reports eligible and procedures for the payment of prize money prescribed in paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015]
| Article 27 (Relief Funds) |
| (1) | Where a public interest reporter, etc., his/her relative or cohabitant suffers a loss or pays expenses falling under any of the following subparagraphs due to a public interest report, etc., he/she may file an application for payment of relief funds with the Commission: |
| 1. | Expenses incurred in physical or mental treatment; |
| 2. | Expenses incurred in transference, dispatched service, etc.; |
| 3. | Expenses incurred in the procedure for controversy related to reinstatement; |
| 4. | The amount of wages lost during the period of disadvantageous measures; |
| 5. | Other serious economic losses (excluding subparagraphs 6 (h) and (i) of Article 2). |
| (2) | Where the Commission receives an application for payment of relief funds under paragraph (1), it may pay relief funds subject to deliberation and resolution by the Compensation Deliberative Committee, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| (3) | The Commission may investigate an applicant for payment of relief funds or an interested party, or inquire of an administrative agency or related organization necessary matters in connection with payment of relief funds. In such cases, the administrative agency or related organization shall comply with such inquiry unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. |
| (4) | Where a public interest reporter, etc., his/her relative or cohabitant has received compensation due to losses or expenses prescribed in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1), the Commission shall not pay relief funds within the extent of such amount. |
| (5) | Where the Commission pays relief funds, a claim for damages held by a person who has received the relevant relief funds due to losses or expenses prescribed in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) shall be subrogated within the extent of the amount paid. |
| Article 28 (Prohibition of Overlapping Payment of Compensation and Relief Funds, etc.) |
| (1) | No person who will receive compensation pursuant to Article 26 or relief funds pursuant to Article 27 shall be prohibited from claiming compensation or relief funds according to other statutes. |
| (2) | Where a person who will receive compensation or relief funds receives prize money under this Act, compensation or relief funds, etc. according to other statutes by the same reason, if the amount of such compensation, prize money or relief funds is equal to or exceeds the amount of compensation or relief funds that he/she will receive according to this Act, the Commission shall not pay compensation or relief funds, and if the amount of such compensation, prize money or relief funds is less than the amount of compensation or relief funds that he/she will receive according to this Act, the Commission shall deduct such amount and determine the amount of compensation or relief funds. <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | Where a person who will receive compensation or relief funds according to other statutes receives compensation, prize money or relief funds under this Act by the same reason, the Commission shall deduct the amount of such compensation, prize money or relief funds, and determine the amount of compensation or relief funds according to other statutes. <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| Article 29 (Collection of Compensation and Relief Funds, etc.) |
| (1) | Where the Commission or an agency that pays compensation or relief funds according to other statutes finds any of the following facts, it shall notify the applicant for payment of the compensation or relief funds of the amount he/she should return, and the applicant for compensation and relief funds shall pay such amount: |
| 1. | Where the applicant for payment of compensation or relief funds receives compensation or relief funds by fraud or other improper means; |
| 2. | Where the Commission pays compensation or relief funds, in violation of Article 28 (2) or (3); |
| 3. | Where the Commission wrongly pays compensation or relief funds due to an error or such. |
| (2) | A local government notified by the Commission of a decision to pay compensation pursuant to Article 26 (6) shall reimburse an amount equivalent to the compensation paid by the Commission to the applicant for payment of compensation to the Commission within three months from the date it is notified thereof. |
| (3) | Where an applicant for payment of compensation or relief funds who should return the same pursuant to paragraph (1) and (2) and a local government that should reimburse the same fails to pay the amount by the payment deadline, the Commission may collect such in the same manner as national taxes or local taxes. |
CHAPTER V PENALTY PROVISIONS
| Article 30 (Penalty provisions) |
| (1) | Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not more than three years or by a fine not exceeding 30 million won: |
| 1. | A person who discloses the details of a report including personal information about a person reported, in violation of Article 10 (5); |
| 2. | A person who advises another person of personal information about a public interest reporter or a fact that enables one to infer that he/she is a public interest reporter, discloses or reports the same, in violation of Article 12 (1). |
| (2) | Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not more than two years or by a fine not exceeding 20 million won: |
| 1. | A person who takes any disadvantageous measures falling under subparagraph 6 (a) of Article 2 against a public interest reporter, in violation of Article 15 (1); |
| 2. | A person who fails to implement a decision to take protective measures confirmed pursuant to Article 21 (2) or confirmed by filing an administrative litigation. |
| (3) | Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding 10 million won: |
| 1. | A person who takes disadvantageous measures falling under any of subparagraph 6 (b) through (g) of Article 2 against a public interest reporter, etc., in violation of Article 15 (1); |
| 2. | A person who interferes with a public interest report, etc., or compels a public interest reporter to withdraw a public interest report, etc., in violation of Article 15 (2). |
| Article 30-2 (Joint Penalty Provisions) |
Where the representative of a corporation, or an agent or employee of, or any other person employed, by a corporation or an individual commits an offense under Article 30 in connection with the business affairs of such corporation or individual, not only shall such offender be punished, but also the corporation or individual shall be punished by a fine under the relevant provisions: Provided, That the foregoing shall not apply where such corporation or individual have not been negligent in giving due attention to and supervision concerning the relevant duties to prevent such offense. [This Article Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015]
| Article 31 (Administrative Fines) |
| (1) | A person who refuses to submit materials, to attend a meeting, to make a statement, in violation of Article 19 (2) and (3) (including cases where Article 22 (3) is applied mutatis mutandis), shall be subject to an administrative fine not exceeding 30 million won. |
| (2) | A person who fails to comply with a decision to take special protective measures prescribed in Article 20-2 shall be subject to an administrative fine of up to 20 million won. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
| (3) | The Commission shall impose and collect administrative fines prescribed in paragraphs (1) and (2), as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended by Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015> |
ADDENDA
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability)
This Act shall apply beginning with the first public interest report filed after this Act enters into force.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 12265, Jan. 14, 2014>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 13443, Jul. 24, 2015>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability concerning Treatment of Content of Reports)
The amended provisions of Article 9 (5) through (8) shall also apply to public interest reports under inspection or investigation after being passed on to an inspection agency or investigative agency at the time this Act enters into force. Article 3 (Applicability concerning Charges for Compelling Compliance)
The amended provisions of Article 21-2 shall apply beginning with the first person who gives a disadvantage to a public interest reporter, etc. after this Act enters into force. Article 4 (Applicability concerning Compensation)
The amended provisions of Article 26 shall apply beginning with the first public interest report filed after this Act enters into force. Article 5 (Applicability concerning Prize Money)
The amended provisions of Article 26-2 shall also apply to public interest reports filed before this Act enters into force.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 14830, Apr. 18, 2017>
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.