ADMINISTRATIVE LITIGATION ACT
Wholly Amended by Act No. 3754, Dec. 15, 1984
Amended by Act No. 4017, Aug. 5, 1988
Act No. 4770, Jul. 27, 1994
Act No. 6627, Jan. 26, 2002
Act No. 6626, Jan. 26, 2002
Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013
Act No. 12596, May 20, 2014
Act No. 12844, Nov. 19, 2014
Act No. 14839, Jul. 26, 2017
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
The purpose of this Act is to protect citizens from the infringement of their rights or interests caused by the illegal dispositions of administrative agencies and the exercise or non-exercise of public authority, and to ensure proper resolution of disputes over the rights based on public law or the application of law, through administrative litigation procedures.
| (1) | For the purpose of this Act, the definitions of terms shall be as follows: |
| 1. | The term "disposition, etc." means the exercise of or refusal to exercise public authority by an administrative agency as function of law enforcement in relation to a specific fact, other similar administrative actions (hereinafter referred to as the "disposition") and an adjudication on the administrative appeal; |
| 2. | The term "omission" means the failure of an administrative agency to take a certain disposition for a reasonable period of time, notwithstanding its legal obligation to do so, in response to an application filed by a party. |
| (2) | In application of this Act, the term "administrative agencies" shall include administrative organs, public entities and their organs or private persons delegated or commissioned with administrative power under Acts and subordinate statutes. |
| Article 3 (Classification of Administrative Suits) |
Administrative suits shall be classified into the following four categories: <Amended on Aug. 5, 1988>
| 1. | Appeals suit: It means a suit instituted against a disposition, etc. or an omission by an administrative agency; |
| 2. | Party suit: It means a suit concerning legal relations, cause of which is a disposition, etc. issued by an administrative agency, and a suit over legal relations under public law, in which one of the parties to the legal relationship is a defendant; |
| 3. | Public suit: It means a suit instituted by a person without any direct interest in order to seek the correction of violations by the State or organs of public entities; |
| 4. | Agency suit: It means a suit instituted when disputes arise over the existence or exercise of power between agencies of the State or organs of public entities, except for a suit instituted against matters under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court under Article 2 of the Constitutional Court Act. |
An appeals suit shall be classified as follows:
| 1. | Revocation suit: It means a suit instituted to revoke or alter an illegal disposition, etc. by an administrative agency; |
| 2. | Suit seeking confirmation of nullity, etc.: It means a suit instituted to seek the confirmation of effectiveness or existence of a disposition, etc. by an administrative agency; |
| 3. | Suit seeking confirmation of illegality of an omission: It means a suit instituted to confirm the illegality of an omission by an administrative agency. |
| Article 5 (Period for Cases in Foreign Country) |
The period calculated under this Act shall be extended from 14 days to 30 days for the subsequent completion of an act of litigation outside the country, from 30 days to 60 days for a request for retrial by a third person outside the country, and from 60 days to 90 days for the institution of a suit outside the country.
| Article 6 (Public Notice concerning Judgment of Unconstitutionality of Orders or Regulations) |
| (1) | When it becomes final and conclusive that an order or regulation is in violation of the Constitution or Acts pursuant to the decision rendered by the Supreme Court in an administrative suit, the Supreme Court shall promptly notify the reason therefor to the Minister of the Interior and Safety. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Nov. 19, 2014; Jul. 26, 2017> |
| (2) | Upon receipt of a notice under paragraph (1), the Minister of the Interior and Safety shall publish it on the Gazette without delay. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Nov. 19, 2014 Jul. 26, 2017> |
| Article 7 (Transfer of Case) |
The provisions of Article 34 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act shall also apply to a case where an administrative suit is mistakenly instituted by a plaintiff to the court of any different instance without any intention or gross negligence on his/her part. <Amended on Jan. 26, 2002>
| Article 8 (Scope of Application) |
| (1) | Except as otherwise provided for in other Acts, administrative suits shall be governed by this Act. |
CHAPTER II REVOCATION LITIGATION
| (1) | The court of the first instance, which has jurisdiction over a revocation suit, shall be an administrative court having jurisdiction over the location of the defendant. <Amended on May 20, 2014> |
| (2) | Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a revocation suit against a defendant falling under any of the following may be instituted with an administrative court having jurisdiction over the location of the Supreme Court: <Newly Inserted on May 20, 2014> |
| 1. | A central administrative agency, an organization affiliated with a central administrative agency, a consensual administrative agency or its head; |
| 2. | A public organization which takes care of government affairs under delegation or entrustment or its head. |
| (3) | A suit seeking revocation of a disposition concerning the expropriation of land, and real estate or a specific place may be instituted with an administrative court having jurisdiction over the location of the real estate or the place. |
[This Article Wholly Amended Jul. 27, 1994]
| Article 10 (Transfer and Consolidation of Related Claims) |
| (1) | In a case where a revocation suit and other claim falling under any of the following subparagraphs (hereinafter referred to as the "related claim") are pending separately in different courts, the court in which the related claim is pending may transfer the other claim to the court in which the revocation suit is pending, upon an application from the party or ex officio, where it is deemed reasonable: |
| 1. | A claim for damage, the restitution of an unjust enrichment and the restoration of original state, or other claims related to the disposition, etc.; |
| 2. | A revocation suit related to the disposition, etc. in question. |
| (2) | A relevant claim may be consolidated into a suit for revocation until the pleading of fact-finding proceedings is closed, or a relevant claim filed against a person other than the defendant may be instituted with the court in which the revocation suit is pending in consolidation therewith. |
| Article 11 (Prior Question) |
| (1) | Articles 17, 25, 26 and 33 shall apply mutatis mutandis where the effectiveness or existence of a disposition, etc. is a prior question in a civil case and the court-in-charge tries and decides on the question. |
| (2) | In the case of paragraph (1), the court in charge of the suit shall notify the administrative agency that has issued the disposition, etc. of such fact. |
| Article 12 (Standing to Sue) |
A revocation suit may be instituted by a person having legal interests to seek the revocation of a disposition, etc. The same shall also apply to a person with legal interests to be restored by the revocation of a disposition even after the effect of such a disposition, etc. expires upon the lapse of period, the execution of the disposition, etc. and other causes.
| Article 13 (Standing to be Sued) |
| (1) | Except as otherwise provided for in other Acts, the defendant to a revocation suit shall be the administrative agency that has made the disposition, etc. in question: Provided, That where the authority pertaining to such a disposition, etc. is succeeded to another administrative agency after the disposition, etc. is made, the latter shall be the defendant. |
| (2) | If the administrative agency as referred to in paragraph (1) no longer exists, the defendant shall be the State or a public entity to which matters concerning such a disposition, etc. revert. |
| Article 14 (Change of Defendant for Mistake) |
| (1) | If a plaintiff names, by mistake, another person as a defendant, the court may decide to allow change of the defendant, upon request by the plaintiff. |
| (2) | The court shall serve a new defendant an original of the decision under paragraph (1). |
| (3) | An immediate appeal may be instituted against a decision rejecting the request made under paragraph (1). |
| (4) | Where a decision is made under paragraph (1), a suit instituted against a new defendant shall be considered to have been filed at the time when the original one was instituted. |
| (5) | Where a decision is made under paragraph (1), a suit instituted against the previous defendant shall be considered to have been withdrawn. |
| (6) | If any ground falling under Article 13 (1) (proviso) or (2) arises after a revocation suit is instituted, the court shall, upon request by the party or ex officio, change the defendant. In this case, the provisions of paragraphs (4) and (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis. |
| Article 15 (Joint Litigation) |
Where claims filed by or filed against several persons are related to a suit seeking revocation of a disposition, etc., such persons may join as co-litigants.
| Article 16 (Intervention of Third Persons in Litigation) |
| (1) | If there is any third person whose rights and interests are likely to be infringed by the outcome of a suit, the court may, upon request by the party or the third person or ex officio, decide to allow the third person to intervene in the suit. |
| (2) | If the court intends to make a decision under paragraph (1), it shall hear in advance the opinions of the party and the third person. |
| (3) | The third person, who has made a request under paragraph (1), may file an immediate appeal against a decision dismissing his/her request. |
| (4) | With respect to the third person who intervenes in the litigation under paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 67 of the Civil Procedure Act shall apply mutatis mutandis. <Amended on Jan. 26, 2002> |
| Article 17 (Intervention of Administrative Agency in Litigation) |
| (1) | If the court deems it necessary to allow another administrative agency to intervene in a suit, the court may decide to do so, upon request by the party or the administrative agency concerned or ex officio. |
| (2) | If the court intends to make a decision under paragraph (1), it shall hear from the party and the administrative agency concerned. |
| (3) | With respect to the administrative agency which intervenes in the suit under paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 76 of the Civil Procedure Act shall apply mutatis mutandis. <Amended on Jan. 26, 2002> |
SECTION 3 Filing of Lawsuit
| Article 18 (Relation to Administrative Appeal) |
| (1) | Even if an administrative appeal may be instituted against a disposition in question pursuant to the provisions of Acts and subordinate statutes, a revocation suit may be instituted without doing so: Provided, That where other Acts stipulate that a revocation suit shall not be instituted without going through an administrative adjudication for a disposition in question, the same shall not apply. <Amended on Jul. 27, 1994> |
| (2) | Notwithstanding the proviso to paragraph (1), a revocation suit may be instituted without going through an adjudication for the administrative appeal, in any of the following cases: <Amended on Jul. 27, 1994> |
| 1. | Where no adjudication is made within sixty days from the date an administrative appeal is requested; |
| 2. | Where an urgent need exists to prevent a serious loss resulting from the execution of a disposition or the continuation of procedures; |
| 3. | Where a reason exists that makes it impossible for an administrative organ responsible for adjudication to make a decision or judgment under the relevant Acts and subordinate statutes; |
| 4. | Where other justifiable reasons exist. |
| (3) | With respect to the proviso to paragraph (1), a revocation suit may be instituted without filing an administrative appeal in any of the following cases: <Amended on Jul. 27, 1994> |
| 1. | Where a rejection adjudication by an administrative appeal has already been made for the same case; |
| 2. | Where an adjudication by an administrative appeal has already been made with respect to a disposition related to each other in contents or a disposition in phased proceedings for the same purpose; |
| 3. | Where an administrative agency has altered a disposition which is a subject matter in a suit after closing of an argument for a fact-finding proceedings, and files a lawsuit against the altered disposition; |
| 4. | Where an administrative agency, which has made a disposition, misinforms that no administrative appeal is required. |
| (4) | The causes provided for in paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be clearly explained. |
| Article 19 (Subject Matter in Revocation Suit) |
A disposition, etc. shall be subject to a revocation suit: Provided, That in the case of a suit seeking the revocation of an adjudication, it is permitted only when the adjudication itself is illegal.
| Article 20 (Period For Filing Lawsuit) |
| (1) | A revocation suit shall be instituted within 90 days from the date a disposition is known: Provided, That in a case provided for in the proviso to Article 18 (1), or a case where a request for an administration adjudication is permitted, or a case where an administrative agency informs mistakenly that a request for an administration adjudication is permitted, the period during which a request for an administrative adjudication is made shall be reckoned from the date an original of a written adjudication is served. |
| (2) | A revocation suit shall not be instituted after the lapse of one year from the date the disposition is made (in the case of the proviso to paragraph (1), one year from the date the adjudication is made): Provided, That this shall not apply where any justifiable reason exists. |
| (3) | The period as prescribed in paragraph (1) shall be a permanent term. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 27, 1994]
| Article 21 (Change of Action) |
| (1) | The court, upon request by the plaintiff, may decide to allow change of an action by the time an argument for fact-finding proceedings is closed, as long as the grounds for a lawsuit remain unchanged, where it is deemed reasonable to change a revocation suit to a party suit against the State or a public entity over affairs related to a disposition, etc. in question or to an appeals suit other than a revocation suit. |
| (2) | In a case where permission is given under paragraph (1) and the defendant is to be changed, the court shall hear from the new defendant. |
| (3) | An immediate appeal may be filed against the decision of permission made under paragraph (1). |
| (4) | The provisions of Article 14 (2), (4) and (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the decision of permission made under paragraph (1). |
| Article 22 (Change of Action Due to Change of Disposition) |
| (1) | If an administrative agency changes a disposition, which is the subject matter in a suit, after the suit is filed, the court may decide to allow change of the gist of or cause for the claim, upon request by the plaintiff. |
| (2) | The request as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be made within sixty days from the date on which the change of the disposition is known. |
| (3) | The claim to be changed under paragraph (1) shall be considered to satisfy the requirements as prescribed in the proviso to Article 18 (1). <Amended on Jul. 27, 1994> |
| Article 23 (Suspension of Execution) |
| (1) | The filing of a revocation suit shall not affect the execution of a disposition, etc. or the continuation of procedures therefor. |
| (2) | In a case where a revocation suit is instituted and it is deemed urgently necessary to prevent irreparable damage from being caused by a disposition, etc. or execution or the continuation of procedures thereof, the court, in which the merits are pending, upon request by the party or ex officio, may decide to suspend wholly or partly the effect, execution or the continuation of procedures of the disposition, etc. (hereinafter referred to as the "suspension of execution"): Provided, That suspension of the effect of a disposition, etc. shall not be allowed where its objective can be attained by suspending the execution or the continuation of procedures of the disposition, etc. |
| (3) | If the suspension of execution is feared to have a serious effect on public welfare, it shall not be permitted. |
| (4) | In seeking a decision on the suspension of execution under paragraph (2), the grounds therefor shall be clearly explained. |
| (5) | An immediate appeal may be filed against a decision on the suspension of execution or a decision on the rejection under paragraph (2). In this case, an immediate appeal against the decision on the suspension of execution shall have no effect of suspending the execution of the decision. |
| (6) | The provisions of Article 30 (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision on the suspension of execution as provided for in paragraph (2). |
| Article 24 (Revocation of Suspension of Execution) |
| (1) | If the suspension of execution has a serious effect on public welfare or the grounds therefor cease to exist, after a decision on the suspension of execution becomes final and conclusive, the court may decide to revoke such a decision on the suspension of execution, at the request of the party or ex officio. |
| (2) | The provisions of Article 23 (4) and (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision on the revocation of the decision on the suspension of execution under paragraph (1) and an appeal thereagainst. |
| Article 25 (Order to Submit Records of Administrative Appeal) |
| (1) | The court, at the request of the party, may decide to order an administrative agency, which has made an adjudication, to submit the records related to an administrative appeal. |
| (2) | Upon receiving the order of submission under paragraph (1), the administrative agency shall submit, without delay, to the court the records related to the administrative appeal. |
| Article 26 (Ex Officio Examination) |
The court, if it deems it necessary, may investigate the evidence ex officio, and render a judgment as to the facts not asserted by the party.
| Article 27 (Revocation of Discretionary Disposition) |
The court may revoke a discretionary disposition issued by an administrative agency where it is beyond the discretion of the administrative agency or it is abused.
| Article 28 (Judgment Under Special Circumstances) |
| (1) | Even in a case where the claims filed by the plaintiff are deemed reasonable, if the revocation of a disposition, etc. is deemed remarkably inappropriate in terms of the public welfare, the court may reject such claims. In this case, the court shall expressly state that the disposition, etc. is illegal in the text of the judgment. |
| (2) | In rendering a judgment under paragraph (1), the court shall investigate in advance the extent of the damage the plaintiff may suffer, the method of compensation therefor and other circumstances. |
| (3) | A plaintiff may file a claim for damages against the State or public organization to which the defending administrative agency belongs, request them to provide disaster prevention facilities or other remedies, and the plaintiff may bring the same claims to the court in which a revocation suit is pending. |
| Article 29 (Effect of Revocation Judgment, etc.) |
| (1) | A final judgment revoking a disposition, etc. shall have the same effect on a third person. |
| (2) | The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a decision on the suspension of execution under Article 23 or a decision on the revocation of the decision on the suspension of execution under Article 24. |
| Article 30 (Binding Force of Revocation Judgment, etc.) |
| (1) | A final judgment revoking a disposition, etc. shall be binding on the parties, an administrative agency and other administrative agencies involved in the case. |
| (2) | If a disposition revoked by a judgment is to reject a request made by the party, the administrative agency which issued such a disposition shall issue a new disposition for the previous request, to be in line with the intent of such a judgment. |
| (3) | The provisions of paragraph (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a case where a disposition at a request is revoked for reasons of a procedural illegality. |
SECTION 6 Supplementary Provisions
| Article 31 (Request for Review by Third Person) |
| (1) | A third person, whose rights or interests have been infringed by a judgment revoking a disposition, etc., and who was unable to produce the means of attack or defense that might have made a difference to the judgment because of his/her failure to intervene in a suit for reasons unattributable to him/her, may make a request for the review of a conclusive and final judgment for such reasons. |
| (2) | A request as provided for in paragraph (1) shall be made within 30 days from the date on which a final judgment is known, or within one year from the date on which the judgment becomes final and conclusive. |
| (3) | The period as provided for in paragraph (2) shall be a permanent term. |
| Article 32 (Bearing of Litigation Cost) |
If a request for revocation is rejected under the provisions of Article 28, or it is dismissed or rejected for reasons of the revocation or change of a disposition, etc. by an administrative agency, the costs of such litigation shall be borne by the defendant.
| Article 33 (Effect of Judgment on Litigation Costs) |
When a judgment on the costs of litigation becomes final and conclusive, it shall have the effect on the State or a public entity to which an administrative agency that has been the defendant or the intervenor belongs.
| Article 34 (Indirect Compulsion of Judgment on Revocation of Refusal Disposition) |
| (1) | If an administrative agency fails to make a disposition under Article 30 (2), the court of the first instance may decide to set a reasonable period for the administrative agency to make the disposition at the request of the party, and where the administrative agency fails to do so within such a period, the court may order it to pay compensation for damages in proportion to the period of delay, or to compensate immediately for damage. |
CHAPTER III APPEAL LITIGATION OTHER THAN REVOCATION SUIT
| Article 35 (Standing to Sue to Seek Confirmation of Nullity, etc.) |
A suit seeking confirmation of nullity, etc. may be instituted by a person having legal interests in confirming effectiveness or existence of a disposition, etc.
| Article 36 (Standing to Sue to Seek Confirmation of Illegality of Omission) |
A suit seeking confirmation of illegality of an omission may be instituted only by a person who has made a request for a disposition, and has legal interests in confirming illegality of the omission.
| Article 37 (Change of Action) |
The provisions of Article 21 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a case where a suit seeking confirmation of nullity, etc., or illegality of an omission is changed to a suit for revocation or a party suit.
| Article 38 (Application Mutatis Mutandis) |
| (1) | The provisions of Articles 9, 10, 13 through 17, 19, 22 through 26, 29 through 31, and 33 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a suit seeking confirmation of nullity, etc. |
| (2) | The provisions of Articles 9, 10, 13 through 19, 20, 25 through 27, 29 through 31, 33 and 34 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a suit seeking confirmation of illegality of an omission. <Amended on Jul. 27, 1994> |
CHAPTER IV PARTY LITIGATION
| Article 39 (Standing to be Sued) |
The State, a public entity and other subjects of rights shall stand as a defendant in a party suit.
| Article 40 (Jurisdiction) |
The provisions of Article 9 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case of a party litigation: Provided, That where the State or a public entity is the defendant, the location of an administrative agency concerned shall be deemed to be that of the defendant.
| Article 41 (Period for Filing Lawsuit) |
If the period for instituting a party suit is specified in Acts and subordinate statutes, such a period shall be a permanent term.
| Article 42 (Change of Action) |
The provisions of Article 21 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a case where a party suit is changed to an appeals suit.
| Article 43 (Restriction on Sentence of Provisional Execution) |
In a case where a party suit is instituted against the State, a provisional execution shall not be sentenced.
| Article 44 (Application Mutatis Mutandis) |
| (1) | The provisions of Articles 14 through 17, 22, 25, 26, 30 (1), 32 and 33 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a party suit. |
| (2) | The provisions of Article 10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the transfer of a case where a party suit and related claims are pending in different courts, and to the consolidation of them. |
CHAPTER V LAWSUITS AGAINST PUBLIC AND AGENCY
| Article 45 (Institution of Suit) |
A suit against the public or any agency may be instituted only in such cases and by such persons as prescribed in Acts.
| Article 46 (Application Mutatis Mutandis) |
| (1) | With respect to a suit filed against the public or an agency to seek the revocation of a disposition, etc., the provisions governing revocation suits shall apply mutatis mutandis, unless it is contrary to its nature. |
| (2) | With respect to a suit filed against the public or an agency to seek the confirmation of effectiveness or existence of a disposition, etc., or the illegality of an omission, the provisions governing suits for the confirmation of nullity, etc. or illegality of omission shall apply mutatis mutandis, unless it is contrary to its nature. |
| (3) | With respect to a suit filed against the public or an agency other than those as provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2), the provisions governing party suits shall apply mutatis mutandis, unless it is contrary to its nature. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 3754, Dec. 15, 1984>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on October 1, 1985.
Article 2 (Transitional Measures concerning Previous Matters)
Except as otherwise provided for in other Acts, this Act shall apply to the matters that arose before the enforcement of this Act: Provided, That it shall not preclude the effect that has already entered into force under the previous provisions before the enforcement of this Act.
Article 3 (Transitional Measures concerning Previous Disposition For Which Period to File Suit Has Expired)
With respect to a disposition against which no suit has been instituted at the time this Act enters into force, and for which the period to file a suit has already expired pursuant to the previous provisions, no revocation suit shall be instituted under this Act. The same shall also apply to a party suit for which an instituting period is prescribed.
Article 4 (Transitional Measures concerning Pending Administrative Suit)
An administrative suit pending in the court at the time this Act enters into force shall be considered to have been instituted under this Act.
Article 5 (Transitional Measures concerning Effect of Adjudication, etc. on Administrative Appeal, etc.)
An administrative appeal, a request for review, objection and other appeal to an administrative agency or adjudications and decisions thereon pursuant to the provisions of the previous Administrative Adjudication Act and other Acts at the time this Act enters into force shall be considered to be a request for an administrative appeal or an adjudication thereon in the application of this Act.
Article 6 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 4017, Aug. 5, 1988>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on September 1, 1988. (Proviso Omitted.)
Articles 2 through 8 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 4770, Jul. 27, 1994>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on March 1, 1998.
Article 2 (Transitional Measures)
| (1) | Except as otherwise provided for in these Addenda, this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an administrative suit against a disposition, etc. which has been made before the enforcement of this Act: Provided, That the previous provisions shall apply to an administrative suit pending in the court at the time this Act enters into force. |
| (2) | In a case where the period for filing a suit has already expired pursuant to the previous provisions at the time this Act enters into force, no suit for the revocation or confirmation of illegality of an omission against a disposition, etc. may be instituted under this Act. |
| (3) | With respect to a disposition for which an administrative appeal may be requested pursuant to the provisions of Acts and subordinate statutes, if the period for filing a request for an adjudication has already expired before the enforcement of this Act without a request for the administrative appeal, the provisions of the previous Article 18 shall apply to the institution of a revocation suit. |
| (4) | The previous provisions governing the period for filing a suit shall apply to cases falling under the previous provisions of the former part of the purview of Article 20 (2) at the time this Act enters into force. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 6626, Jan. 26, 2002>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on July 1, 2002.
Articles 2 through 7 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 6627, Jan. 26, 2002>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on July 1, 2002.
Articles 2 through 7 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
| (1) | This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. |
Articles 2 through 7 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 12596, May 20, 2014>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability to Jurisdiction)
The amended provisions of Article 9 shall begin to apply to the first revocation suit instituted after this Act enters into force.
ADDENDA <Act No. 12844, Nov. 19, 2014>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation: Provided, That the amended parts of Acts, which were promulgated before the enforcement of this Act but whose enforcement dates have not yet arrived, from among Acts amended by Article 6 of the Addenda, shall enter into force on their respective enforcement dates. Articles 2 through 7 Omitted.
ADDENDA <Act No. 14839, Jul. 26, 2017>
Article 1 (Enforcement Date)
| (1) | This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation: Provided, That the amended parts of Acts, which were promulgated before the enforcement of this Act but whose enforcement dates have not yet arrived, from among Acts amended by Article 5 of the Addenda, shall enter into force on their respective enforcement dates. |
Articles 2 through 6 Omitted.