MINING DAMAGE PREVENTION AND RESTORATION ACT
Act No. 7551, May 31, 2005
Amended by Act No. 8355, Apr. 11, 2007
Act No. 8852, Feb. 29, 2008
Act No. 9010, Mar. 28, 2008
Act No. 9982, Jan. 27, 2010
Act No. 10496, Mar. 30, 2011
Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013
Act No. 12154, Jan. 1, 2014
Act No. 13080, Jan. 28, 2015
Act No. 13729, Jan. 6, 2016
Act No. 16793, Dec. 10, 2019
Act No. 16936, Feb. 4, 2020
Act No. 18270, Jun. 15, 2021
Act No. 21065, Oct. 1, 2025
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
The purpose of this Act is to properly manage mining damage in order to protect the natural environment and enable people to live in a pleasant environment.
The terms used in this Act are defined as follows: <Amended on Apr. 11, 2007; Jan. 27, 2010; Jan. 28, 2015; Jan. 6, 2016; Jun. 15, 2021>
| 4. | The term "abandoned mine" means a mine in which mining of minerals is no longer possible due to any of the following causes: |
| h. | Extinction of a mining concession by reason of the closure of business by the mining concession holder; |
| 5. | The term "mining damage prevention project" means any project implemented pursuant to Article 11 to prevent the mining damage referred to in subparagraph 1 (hereinafter referred to as "mining damage") and to reinstate the environment; |
| 6. | The term "operator of a mining damage prevention project" means a person who implements a mining damage prevention project pursuant to Article 12; |
| 7. | The term "person responsible for preventing mining damage" means each of the following persons: |
| b. | A mining concession holder or mining lessee of an inactive mine or abandoned mine referred to in subparagraphs 3 and 4; |
| 8. | The term "mining damage prevention engineer" means any of the following persons recognized as a mining damage prevention engineer under Article 18-2; |
| b. | A person with the educational background and experience in the field of mining damage prevention prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 3 (Duties of the State) |
The State shall devise policies to actively prevent mining damage in order to protect the natural environment and promote the people's health.
| Article 4 (Relationship to other statutes) |
Except as otherwise expressly provided for in other statutes, matters concerning mining damage prevention projects shall be governed by this Act.
| Article 5 (Effectiveness of acts) |
Every order, procedure, or other acts issued or conducted under this Act shall have effect on persons responsible for preventing mining damage, operators of mining damage prevention projects, and other interested persons.
CHAPTER II ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MINING DAMAGE PREVENTION MASTER PLANS
| Article 6 (Promotion of polices for prevention of mining damage) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall implement any of the following projects to promote the policies for the prevention of mining damage referred to in Article 3: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Investigation of mines in which mining damage has occurred and preparation of a map thereof; |
| 2. | Research and technology development for the prevention of mining damage; |
| 3. | Support for implementing the mining damage prevention projects referred to in Article 11; |
| 4. | Prevention of mining damage in inactive mines and abandoned mines of which a person responsible for preventing mining damage is unable to do so directly by reason of his or her death or other causes. |
| (2) | If deemed necessary for mining damage prevention, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may request the head of any relevant central administrative agency to provide cooperation. In such cases, the head of the relevant central administrative agency shall comply with the request, except in extenuating circumstances. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | Where mining damage occurs or the operator of a mining damage prevention project neglects the duty to prevent mining damage, the Special Metropolitan City Mayor, a Metropolitan City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Do Governor, or a Special Self-Governing Province Governor (hereinafter referred to as a "Mayor/Do Governor") shall notify the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources thereof without delay. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 7 (Formulation of mining damage prevention master plans) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall formulate a master plan for mining damage prevention (hereinafter referred to as "master plan") every five years, in consultation with the heads of the relevant central administrative agencies and Mayors/Do Governors. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | A master plan shall include the following: |
| 1. | Occurrence or non-occurrence, and degree of mining damage in active mines, inactive mines, and abandoned mines; |
| 2. | Mining damage prevention plans by cause of occurrence of mining damage; |
| 3. | Plans for the installation, operation, and management of mining damage prevention facilities; |
| 4. | Investment plans for the prevention of mining damage; |
| 5. | Research and development of mining damage prevention technologies; |
| 6. | Other matters determined by Presidential Decree, which are necessary for the prevention of mining damage. |
| (3) | The formulation, modification, and implementation of a master plan and other necessary matters shall be determined by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 8 (Formulation of mining damage prevention action plans) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall formulate and publish (including posting on the Internet website; hereinafter the same shall apply) a mining damage prevention action plan (hereinafter referred to as "action plan") for the following year, every year according to a master plan. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | When the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources intends to formulate an action plan pursuant to paragraph (1), he or she shall consult thereon with the heads of the relevant central administrative agencies. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | The operator of each mining damage prevention project shall formulate a mining damage prevention project plan (hereinafter referred to "project plan") in accordance with an action plan published pursuant to paragraph (1) and obtain approval thereof from the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources prior to the commencement of such project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | The operator of each mining damage prevention project, who intends to revise a project plan approved pursuant to paragraph (3), shall obtain prior approval therefor from the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources; provided, the same shall not apply to revisions to the minor matters determined by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (5) | Upon approving a project plan under paragraph (3) or a revision to a project plan under paragraph (4), the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall publicly notify such fact in the Official Gazette without delay. <Added on Dec. 10, 2019; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (6) | Procedures for the formulation and approval of project plans and other necessary matters shall be determined by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 9 (Cancellation of approval of project plans) |
| (1) | In any of the following cases, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may cancel approval of a project plan or approval for a revision to a project plan, which is referred to in Article 8(3) and (4), or issue an order for improvement for a specified period of up to one month; provided, in cases falling under subparagraph 1, he or she shall cancel such approval: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 28, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Where approval of a project plan or approval for a revision to a project plan is obtained by fraud or other improper means; |
| 2. | Where a mining damage prevention project is not commenced until the project period fixed by a project plan expires; |
| 3. | Where a mining damage prevention project is implemented by revising a project plan without obtaining approval for a revision referred to in Article 8(4); |
| 4. | Where a person who has obtained approval of a project plan or approval for a revision thereto transfers the mining damage prevention project without permission. |
| (2) | Matters necessary for the cancellation of approval of a project plan or approval for a revision thereto, and the order for improvement, which are referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008> |
| Article 10 (Duties of persons responsible for preventing mining damage) |
| (1) | Each person responsible for preventing mining damage shall assume the duties to prevent mining damage. |
| (2) | Each person responsible for preventing mining damage shall bear the costs for each of the following activities as prescribed by Presidential Decree: |
| 1. | Prevention of mining damage in accordance with implementation plans; |
| 2. | Prevention of mining damage that occurs at the time of suspending or abandoning a mine; |
| 3. | Prevention of mining damage that occurs after abandoning a mine and installation, operation, and management of mining damage prevention facilities; |
| 4. | Other activities, such as compensation for damage caused by mining damage as a result of the development of a mine and restoration to the original state. |
| (3) | Any person that succeeds to a mining concession or mining lease shall succeed to the duties of the previous mining concession holder or mining lessee to prevent mining damage, which are assumed pursuant to paragraph (1). <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008> |
CHAPTER III MINING DAMAGE PREVENTION PROJECTS
| Article 10-2 Deleted. <Mar. 30, 2011> |
| Article 11 (Scope of mining damage prevention projects) |
The scope of a mining damage prevention project shall be as follows: <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008>
| 1. | Prevention of any of the following mining damage, which occurs or is likely to occur in active mines, inactive mines, or abandoned mines and restoration of disturbed areas; |
| a. | Waste rocks generated during the development of mines; |
| b. | Tailings, slags, and leachate which are generated in the process of ore dressing and smelting minerals; |
| c. | Sinking and cracking of the ground which result from the collapse of a site where minerals are extracted, etc.; |
| d. | Polluted water drained out of pits, and sewage and waste water which are generated in ore-dressing sites; |
| e. | Noise, quakes, and dust which are caused by mining activities; |
| f. | Others, such as the deterioration of forests and land (including the contamination of soil and farmland) which is caused by mining activities; |
| 2. | Removal and disposal of facilities, materials, etc. unused in abandoned mines; |
| 3. | Installation, operation, and management of mining damage prevention facilities in active mines, inactive mines, and abandoned mines; |
| 4. | Investigations (including intensive investigations of soil), research, technology development, and education for the prevention of mining damage; |
| 5. | Domestic and international technical cooperation for the prevention of mining damage; |
| 6. | Matters determined by Presidential Decree, such as the amendment of polluted soil. |
| Article 11-2 (Consideration of opinions on use and development of land) |
| (1) | Each person who intends to use or develop facilities, land, forests, fields, etc. in which a project for the prevention of mining damage and restoration of disturbed areas referred to subparagraph 1 of Article 11 has been completed (hereafter in this Article referred to as "user or developer"), shall seek the opinion of the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources in advance, and reflect his or her opinion therein. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Feb. 4, 2020; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | The approving authority or permitting authority for the use or development of facilities, land, forests, fields, etc. in which a project for the prevention of mining damage and restoration of disturbed areas has been completed shall verify whether the person who intends to use or develop such facilities, land, forests, fields, etc., has considered the opinion of the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources and reflected his or her opinion pursuant to paragraph (1) before he or she grants the relevant approval or permit. <Added on Jan. 28, 2015> |
| (3) | Where a user or developer skips the opinion-seeking procedure or fails to reflect the opinion under paragraph (1) before obtaining approval or permit, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may request the approving authority or permitting authority under paragraph (2) to take necessary measures such as revoking relevant approval or permit or restricting use or development. <Added on Feb. 4, 2020; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | The approving authority or the permitting authority, in receipt of a request under paragraph (3), shall comply with such request in the absence of special circumstances. In such cases, he or she may request the user or developer of the facilities, land, forests, or fields for reinstatement if deemed necessary. <Added on Feb. 4, 2020> |
[This Article Added on Mar. 28, 2008]
| Article 12 (Implementation of mining damage prevention projects) |
| (1) | A mining damage prevention project shall be implemented by a person responsible for preventing mining damage directly; provided, where a person responsible for preventing mining damage cannot implement such project directly due to the causes determined by Presidential Decree, such as the lack of technical capacity, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall implement such project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Where the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources implements a mining damage prevention project pursuant to paragraph (1), he or she may outsource all or part of such project to the following persons for the efficient implementation of the project; provided, in cases of research and technology development projects for the prevention of mining damage, which are referred to in subparagraph 2d, they may be outsourced to a relevant academic or research institution, other than the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project referred to in subparagraph 2, depending on the nature of the development projects: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 28, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Mar. 9, 2021; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | The Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation under the Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Corporation"); |
| 2. | A person specialized in any of the following projects and registered with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources pursuant to Article 13 (hereinafter referred to as "operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project"): |
| b. | Amendment, restoration, and remediation of soil (including farmland); |
| c. | Treatment of polluted water, and prevention and restoration of ground subsidence; |
| d. | Research, technology development, and supervision for the prevention of mining damage; |
| e. | Other projects determined by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources for the efficient implementation of mining damage prevention projects. |
| Article 13 (Registration of operators of specialized mining damage prevention projects) |
| (1) | Each person, who intends to become the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project, shall be registered with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources, satisfying the standards determined by Presidential Decree for registration, such as technical capability, facilities, equipment, etc. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | The operator of each specialized mining damage prevention project, who intends to change the matters registered pursuant to paragraph (1), shall file an application for registration of the changed matter with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources; provided, where changing a minor matter determined by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources, he or she shall file a report on the changed matter. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | No operator of each specialized mining damage prevention project (in cases of a corporation, referring to its representative) shall become the operator of another specialized mining damage prevention project, or an executive officer or employee thereof. <Amended on Jan. 28, 2015> |
| Article 13-2 (Reporting on performance of operators of specialized mining damage prevention projects) |
| (1) | An operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project may, upon performing any of the projects listed in the subparagraphs of Article 11, report matters necessary for the management of the performance thereof to the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources. The same shall apply where the operator intends to modify any reported matters. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2015> |
| (2) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall, upon receiving a report under paragraph (1) or entrusting a mining damage prevention project to an operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project under Article 12 (2), maintain and manage records on the performance of such operator; and where a person who needs such records submits an application, the Minister shall issue a certificate of performance of the operator (hereinafter referred to as "certificate of performance"). <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may request a person who has entrusted a mining damage prevention project to an operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project to verify the details reported under paragraph (1). In such cases, the person so requested shall comply unless there is a justifiable reason to the contrary. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | An operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project shall not falsely report its performance in a mining damage prevention project or other relevant matters when filing a report or a modification report under paragraph (1). |
| (5) | Matters necessary for reporting performance under paragraphs (1) and (2), maintenance and management of records of performance, issuance and management of performance certificates, etc. shall be prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
| Article 14 (Grounds for disqualification) |
Any of the following persons shall be disqualified from being the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project: <Amended on Jan. 28, 2015>
| 1. | A minor or incompetent under the adult guardianship; |
| 2. | A bankrupt who has not yet been reinstated; |
| 3. | A person who was sentenced to imprisonment with labor or heavier punishment for a violation of this Act and for whom two years have not elapsed since the execution of such punishment was terminated (including where the execution of such punishment is deemed terminated) or exempted; |
| 4. | A person subject to a suspended sentence of imprisonment with labor or heavier punishment as declared by a court for violating this Act; |
| 5. | A person for whom two years have not elapsed from the date his or her registration was canceled (excluding where his or her registration was canceled because he or she fell under subparagraph 1 or 2) after being registered as the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project; |
| 6. | A corporation which has an executive officer falling under any of subparagraphs 1 through 4. |
| Article 15 (Cancellation of registration) |
| (1) | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project falls under any of the following, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may cancel the registration thereof or order the suspension of the relevant business for a fixed period not exceeding six months; provided, where the operator of the specialized mining damage prevention project falls under any of subparagraphs 1 and 4 through 6, his or her registration shall be canceled: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project files an application for registration or registration of a changed matter under Article 13 by fraud or other improper means; |
| 2. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project implements the project without registration of a changed matter under Article 13; |
| 3. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project ceases to meet any of the standards for registration prescribed by Presidential Decree pursuant to Article 13(1), or violates paragraph (3) of the aforesaid Article; |
| 4. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project falls under any of the subparagraphs of Article 14; provided, the foregoing shall not apply where a corporation falling under subparagraph 6 of Article 14 replaces the relevant executive officer within six months; |
| 5. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project awards a contract for all, or an important part specified by Presidential Decree, of a mining damage prevention project outsourced pursuant to Article 12(2); |
| 6. | Where the operator of a specialized mining damage prevention project allows a third party to use his or her registered name. |
| (2) | Where the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources intends to cancel registration pursuant to paragraph (1), he or she shall hold a hearing. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | Matters necessary for procedures for canceling registration and holding a hearing, as referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2), shall be determined by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | When a relevant party orally states his or her opinion in a hearing held pursuant to paragraph (2), the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall record a summary of the statement and the party who states an opinion, in writing. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (5) | When a person subject to a disposition for cancellation of registration cannot present his or her opinion in response to a hearing referred to in paragraph (2), due to a natural disaster or other unavoidable cause, he or she may state his or her opinion within 10 days after the date on which such cause ceases to exist. |
| (6) | Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5), when a relevant party expressly waives his or her opportunity to state an opinion, a statement of opinion need not be attached. |
[Title Amended on Jan. 28, 2015]
| Article 16 (Notifying related agencies of results of project implementation) |
The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall notify the head of a related central administrative agency of the results of the project implementation for the year in which the mining damage prevention project has been implemented pursuant to Article 12. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> [This Article Wholly Amended on Jan. 28, 2015]
| Article 17 (Emergency mining damage prevention projects) |
| (1) | When unpredictable mining damage occurs as a consequence of an accident, natural disaster, breakdown of mining damage prevention facilities, etc., the operator of a mining damage prevention project may implement the mining damage prevention project after reporting such fact to the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources without delay, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8(3) and (4). <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Each person who implements a mining damage prevention project referred to in paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as "emergency mining damage prevention project") shall formulate a progress report and emergency mining damage prevention plan and obtain approval thereof from the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources within 30 days from the date of commencement of the emergency mining damage prevention project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | Upon approving the emergency mining damage prevention plan referred to in paragraph (2), the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall, without delay, provide public notice of such fact in the Official Gazette and notify the heads of the relevant central administrative agencies thereof. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Dec. 10, 2019; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | When an emergency mining damage prevention plan referred to in paragraph (2) contains a project other than the mining damage prevention project referred to in Article 11, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may order the change or suspension of the emergency mining damage prevention project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 18 (Progress payments for costs of mining damage prevention projects) |
| (1) | With respect to those who are subject to the cancellation of registration or the suspension of business pursuant to Article 15, or those who are subject to an order for suspension pursuant to Article 17(4) after implementing an emergency mining damage prevention project, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may reimburse all or some expenses incurred in the emergency mining damage prevention project prior to the occurrence of the activities giving rise to the cancellation of registration, the suspension of business, or the order for suspension, based upon the progress of the project that has been already implemented and contribution to the whole project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Matters necessary for the criteria and procedures for reimbursing project expenses referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 18-2 (Recognition of mining damage prevention engineer) |
| (1) | A person seeking recognition as a mining damage prevention engineer shall file an application with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Upon receiving an application under paragraph (1), the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall, if the applicant falls under any item of subparagraph 8 of Article 2, recognize such applicant as a mining damage prevention engineer and issue a certificate concerning the grade and career, etc. of a mining damage prevention engineer (hereinafter referred to as "certificate of career") to the relevant mining damage prevention engineer. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | Matters necessary for the application procedures under paragraph (1) and the issuance and management of a career certificate, including the grade of a mining damage prevention engineer under paragraph (2), shall be prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
| Article 18-3 (Prohibition of lending certificate of career) |
| (1) | A mining damage prevention engineer shall neither allow any other person to perform a mining damage prevention project by using his or her name nor lend his or her certificate of career to any other person. |
| (2) | No person shall perform a mining damage prevention project by using another person's name or borrow another person's certificate of career. |
| (3) | No person shall arrange any act prohibited under paragraph (1) or (2). |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
| Article 18-4 (Revocation of recognition of mining damage prevention engineer) |
| (1) | Where a mining damage prevention engineer falls under any of the following cases, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may revoke the recognition thereof or suspend such recognition for a specified period not exceeding three years; provided, in cases falling under subparagraph 1 or 2, the Minister shall revoke such recognition: <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Where a person is recognized as a mining damage prevention engineer by fraud or other improper means; |
| 4. | Where a mining damage prevention engineer allows any other person to perform a mining damage prevention project by using his or her name or lends his or her certificate of career to any other person. |
| (2) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall hold a hearing where intending to revoke the recognition of a mining damage prevention engineer under paragraph (1). <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
CHAPTER IV EXPROPRIATION AND USE OF LAND
| Article 19 (Expropriation and use of land) |
| (1) | In any of the following cases, the operator of a mining damage prevention project may expropriate (limited to cases prescribed in subparagraph 1) or use a third party's land or buildings built thereon and other things (hereinafter referred to as "land, etc.") or change or remove a third party's plants and other obstacles (hereinafter referred to as "plants, etc."): <Amended on Dec. 10, 2019> |
| 1. | Where necessary to install, manage, or maintain mining damage prevention facilities for an active mine, inactive mine, or abandoned mine; |
| 2. | Where necessary for a project to improve polluted soil; |
| 3. | Where necessary for a project to purify or restore polluted soil. |
| (2) | Except as otherwise expressly provided for in this Act, the provisions of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land, etc. for Public Works Projects shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedures for the expropriation, use, change, removal, etc. referred to in paragraph (1). In such cases, if there has been a public notice on an approval of a project plan or on an approval for a revision to a project plan under Article 8(5), or a public notice on an emergency mining damage prevention plan under Article 17(3), a project approval under Article 20(1) of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land, etc. for Public Works Projects and a public notice on a project approval under Article 22 of the same Act shall be deemed to have been made; and an application for adjudication may be made during the period for a mining damage prevention project specified by a project plan, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 23(1) of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land, etc. for Public Works Projects and Article 28(1) of the same Act. <Amended on Dec. 10, 2019> |
| (3) | In any of the following cases, the operator of a mining damage prevention project may temporarily use land, etc. or change or remove plants, etc., notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2); provided, when land, etc. are used for residential purposes, he or she shall consult with the dweller concerned on the date, time, and period of the use in advance: |
| 1. | Temporary use of a third party's land, etc. for a period of up to 15 days in the circumstance that mining damage prevention facilities are destroyed or are likely to be destroyed because of natural disasters and other emergencies; |
| 2. | Change or removal of neglected plants, etc. where the neglected plants, etc. that obstruct mining damage prevention facilities are deemed likely to cause considerable damage to the relevant supply facilities or are deemed likely to cause other mining damage. |
| (4) | When temporarily using a third party's land, etc. or changing or removing plants, etc. pursuant to paragraph (3), the operator of a mining damage prevention project shall notify the owner or occupier of such fact immediately. |
| (5) | When loss is caused by the expropriation, use, change, or removal referred to in paragraph (1) or (3), the operator of a mining damage prevention project shall compensate such loss by applying the provisions of the Act on Acquisition of and Compensation for Land, etc. for Public Works Projects mutatis mutandis thereto. |
| Article 20 (Entry into land) |
| (1) | When necessary for the investigation, installation, maintenance, and safety control of mining damage prevention facilities in active mines, inactive mines, and abandoned mines, the operator of a mining damage prevention project may enter or temporarily use a third party's land or the buildings and other structures that are fixed thereon and may, when particularly necessary, change or remove plants, etc. |
| Article 21 (Use of public land or facilities) |
| (1) | When necessary for the use of public land or facilities owned or managed by the State, local governments, or other public institutions for a mining damage prevention project, the operator of the mining damage prevention project may use them, obtaining permission from the manager of the relevant land or facilities within the extent that does not considerably impair the usefulness thereof. |
| (2) | In cases falling under paragraph (1), when the manager of public land or facilities refuses to accept a request for permission without just cause or places inappropriate conditions of permission, the competent Minister or the head of the local government that has jurisdiction over the manager of the relevant land or facilities may permit the use or change the conditions of permission upon application of the operator of the mining damage prevention project. |
| (3) | The competent Minister or the head of each local government, who intends to permit the use or change the conditions of permission pursuant to paragraph (2), shall consult with the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources in advance. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
CHAPTER V MINING DAMAGE PREVENTION FUNDS
| Article 22 (Raising of mining damage prevention funds) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall raise mining damage prevention funds with the following financial resources: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 1, 2014; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Charges paid by persons responsible for preventing mining damage pursuant to Article 24; |
| (2) | With respect to the mining concession holders or mining lessees of inactive mines and abandoned mines, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall settle the charges imposed on the persons responsible for preventing mining damage as referred to in Article 24, which were collected during the operation of the mines; provided, he or she may impose surcharges for the deficiencies of mining damage prevention project expenses, management and maintenance expenses for mining damage prevention facilities in operation, and other operating expenses. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 23 (Use of mining damage prevention funds) |
| (1) | Mining damage prevention funds shall be used for the following purposes: <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008; Mar 9, 2021> |
| 1. | Implementation of mining damage prevention projects; |
| 2. | Compensation for loss caused by mining damage; |
| 3. | Installation, operation, and management and maintenance of mining damage prevention facilities in inactive mines and abandoned mines; |
| 4. | Examination (including intensive examination of soil), research, technology development, and education on the impacts of mining damage on surrounding environments and mining damage prevention projects; |
| 5. | Domestic and international cooperation for the prevention of mining damage; |
| 6. | Operation of the Corporation; |
| 7. | Loans for mining damage prevention projects implemented by mining concession holders or mining lessees of active mines; |
| 8. | Other projects determined by Presidential Decree, necessary for the prevention of mining damage. |
| (2) | Any deficit incurred as a result of implementing projects referred to in paragraph (1)1 through 3 and 7 may be written off at the expense of the mining damage prevention funds. |
| Article 24 (Charges on persons responsible for preventing mining damage) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may have persons responsible for preventing mining damage bear all or some expenses incurred in preventing mining damage and restoring the natural environment; provided, the foregoing shall not apply to a mining concession holder or mining lessee of a coal mine eligible to receive funds for measures to support an abandoned mine under Article 39-3 of the Coal Industry Act. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Expenses to be borne by persons responsible for preventing mining damage pursuant to paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as "charge") shall be calculated for each mine, in accordance with each of the following criteria: <Amended on Mar. 30, 2011> |
| 1. | Mineral production of the preceding year; |
| 2. | Cause, frequency, and scope of mining damage; |
| 3. | The number of years and extent of operating a mine; |
| 4. | Annual plan for the installation of mining damage prevention facilities; |
| 5. | Possibility that mining damage advances after suspending or abandoning a mine and the expected period of the termination thereof; |
| 6. | Total amount of expenses for a mining damage prevention project; |
| 7. | Total amount of charges accumulated by the preceding year; |
| 8. | Where mining damage causes loss to third parties, the total amount of expenses for the compensation therefor (limited to where compensation for damage is to be paid as a charge); |
| 9. | Reduction or exemption of mining damage prevention expenses imposed by other statutes concurrently herewith; |
| 10. | Other expenses for the prevention of mining damage. |
| (3) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall give notice (including electronic notice; hereinafter the same shall apply) of a charge calculated pursuant to paragraph (2) to persons responsible for preventing mining damage by January 15 each year; provided, when the emergency mining damage prevention project referred to in Article 17 is required, he or she shall give notice of approval of a plan for emergency mining damage prevention, along with notice of the charge. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 30, 2011; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (4) | Each person responsible for preventing mining damage shall pay the charge which he or she is notified pursuant to paragraph (3) within 30 days from the date he or she receives such notice. |
| (5) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may allow persons responsible for preventing mining damage to pay charges in lump-sum or in installments. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (6) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall formulate necessary measures to reduce the charges on persons responsible for preventing mining damage. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (7) | Other matters necessary for the criteria for the calculation, procedures for imposition, etc. of charges shall be determined by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 25 (Additional collection and refund of charges) |
| (1) | When a person responsible for preventing mining damage who paid a charge completes a mining damage prevention project directly, when a person who is not responsible for preventing mining damage completes a mining damage prevention project due to the suspension and abandonment of mines, when a person responsible for preventing mining damage waives a project plan due to unavoidable causes, or when the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources cancels approval of a project plan pursuant to Article 9, the charges paid pursuant to Article 24 shall be settled for additional collection or refunding. <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | The refund referred to in paragraph (1) shall be paid from the revenue account of investment account of the special accounts for energy and resources-related projects. <Added on Mar. 28, 2008; Jan. 1, 2014> |
| (3) | Criteria and procedures for additionally collecting and refunding charges as a result of the settlement of charges shall be determined by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008> |
| (4) | When a person responsible for preventing mining damage dies or when a mining concession or a mining lease is transferred, the right and duty of the person responsible for preventing mining damage under paragraph (1) shall be transferred to a general successor. <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008> |
| Article 26 (Collection of charges and surcharges) |
| (1) | Where a person liable to pay a charge pursuant to Articles 24 and 25 fails to pay the charge, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall issue a letter of reminder to the person within 15 days from the date on which the payment deadline expires. In such cases, the payment deadline shall not exceed 10 days from the date a letter of reminder is issued. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Where a person liable to pay a charge under paragraph (1) fails to pay the charge by the payment deadline, a surcharge equivalent to 1/100 of the charge in arrears shall be collected for the period starting from the day following the date the payment is due, to the day preceding the date the payment is made. In such cases, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may order the suspension of use of mining facilities in accordance with the procedures determined by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (3) | Where a person fails to pay a charge in arrears, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall impose a compound penalty equivalent to 1/100 of the charge in arrears in addition to a surcharge under paragraph (2) whenever one month passes from the date the payment deadline expires. In such cases, the total amount of surcharges shall not exceed 5/100 of the charge. <Added on Jan. 28, 2015> |
| (4) | Where charges or surcharges (hereinafter referred to as "surcharges") under paragraphs (2) and (3) is not paid by the designated deadline, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may collect them in the same manner as national taxes in arrears are collected. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (5) | Where necessary to collect charges and surcharges, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may request the head of the competent tax office or the head of the competent local government to provide tax information pursuant to the Framework Act on National Taxes and the Framework Act on Local Taxes. In such cases, the head of the competent tax office or the head of the competent local government in receipt of a request to provide tax information shall comply with such request, except in extenuating circumstances. <Added on Jan. 28, 2015; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (6) | Matters necessary for detailed criteria and procedures for imposing charges and surcharges and methods for calculation of charges and surcharges shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jan. 28, 2015> |
| (1) | Where a person has failed to pay a charge or surcharge due to any of the following causes, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may write off such charge or surcharge in arrears: <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | Where an amount allocated to make up for an amount in arrears after the collection of arrears has been completed is less than such amount in arrears; |
| 2. | Where extinctive prescription of the authority to collect charges and surcharges is complete; |
| 3. | Where the assumed value of total property subject to collection of arrears is inadequate after making up for expenses incurred in collecting arrears; |
| 4. | Where it is impossible to collect the amount in arrears because the whereabouts of a debtor is unknown, or it is proven that the debtor has no property. |
| (2) | Where the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources discovers other property which he or she can seize after making a write-off pursuant to paragraph (1), he or she shall immediately cancel such write-off and collect the arrears; provided, the foregoing shall not apply to cases falling under paragraph (1)2. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
[This Article Added on Jan. 28, 2015]
| Article 27 (Operation and management of mining damage prevention funds) |
CHAPTER VI INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF MINING DAMAGE PREVENTION FACILITIES
| Article 28 (Inspection of mining damage prevention facilities) |
| (1) | With respect to work for the installation or modification of mining damage prevention facilities determined by Presidential Decree, a person responsible for preventing mining damage or the operator of a mining damage prevention project shall undergo an inspection by the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources at each stage of such work, and shall not use the facilities which fail to pass the inspection. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Matters necessary for the methods of, and procedures for, inspecting work for the installation and modification of mining damage prevention facilities under paragraph (1) shall be determined by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 29 (Report and inspection) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may order persons responsible for preventing mining damage, operators of mining damage prevention projects, owners or installers of mining damage prevention facilities, etc. to report matters concerning their business affairs or have the public officials under his or her control enter business offices and other places of business and inspect books of account, documents, and other things related to their business affairs to the extent necessary for implementing mining damage prevention projects. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Any person who conducts the inspection referred to in paragraph (1) shall carry a certificate indicating his or her authority and present it to related persons. |
| (3) | Matters necessary for the methods of, and procedures for, the inspection referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by Presidential Decree. |
| Article 30 (Post-management and maintenance of mining damage prevention facilities) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may have the operator of a mining damage prevention project conduct the duty to manage and maintain the mining damage prevention facilities determined by Presidential Decree to prevent mining damage that continuously occurs in abandoned mines. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | Where a person responsible for preventing mining damage of an inactive mine or abandoned mine has already paid a charge, the responsibility for the management and maintenance of the relevant mining damage prevention facilities shall be succeeded by the Corporation from the date on which the charge was paid. <Amended on Mar. 28, 2008; Mar. 9, 2021> |
| (3) | The head of each relevant central administrative agency may investigate whether soil, groundwater, rivers, etc. are polluted, as prescribed by relevant statutes, to assess the impact of pollution on the environment of the surrounding areas of the mine in which a mining damage prevention project has been completed. |
| (4) | Where the head of each relevant central administrative agency deems that soil, groundwater, rivers, etc. are polluted or are likely to be polluted by the factor of mining damage as a result of the investigation referred to in paragraph (3), he or she shall notify the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources of the results of the investigation. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (5) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources shall review the results of the investigation notified pursuant to paragraph (4) and reflect countermeasures against pollution in an action plan referred to in Article 8(1). <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 31 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 32 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 33 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 34 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 35 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 36 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 37 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 38 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 39 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 39-2 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 39-3 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 40 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 41 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 42 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 43 Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
CHAPTER VIII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
| (1) | When a person responsible for preventing mining damage intends to entrust an investigative institution or inspective institution determined by Presidential Decree with the confirmation of mining damage, investigation for the determination of the scope of compensation for loss caused by mining damage, field study for mining damage prevention projects, inspection of mining damage prevention facilities referred to in Article 28, investigation of whether mining damage prevention facilities are working normally, investigation of the degree of pollution, etc., the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may have him or her pay fees to such institutions, as prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jun. 15, 2021; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may require a person seeking recognition as a mining damage prevention engineer under Article 18-2(1) to pay fees, as prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources. <Added on Jun. 15, 2021; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| Article 45 (Legal fiction of public officials in application of penalty provisions) |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
| Article 46 (Delegation and entrustment of authority) |
| (1) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may delegate part of his or her authority or duties under this Act to the heads of the institutions under his or her control or to Mayors/Do Governors or entrust it to the Corporation, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 28, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jun. 15, 2021; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| (2) | The Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may entrust duties related to the issuance of certificates of performance, applications for recognition as a mining damage prevention engineer, the issuance of certificates of career, etc. to a relevant corporation or organization, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. In such cases, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources may subsidize expenses for performing such entrusted duties. <Added on Jun. 15, 2021; Oct. 1, 2025> |
CHAPTER IX PENALTY PROVISIONS
| Article 47 (Penalty provisions) |
Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not more than two years or by a fine not exceeding 20 million won:
| 1. | A person who implements a mining damage prevention project without obtaining approval of a project plan referred to in Article 8(3); |
| 2. | A person who violates an order for the change or suspension of emergency mining damage prevention projects referred to in Article 17(4); |
| 3. | A person who refuses, interferes with, or evades the submission of a report or an inspection referred to in Article 29(1); |
| 4. | Deleted. <Mar. 9, 2021> |
| Article 48 (Penalty provisions) |
Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding ten million won: <Amended on Jun. 15, 2021>
| 1. | A mining damage prevention engineer who allows any other person to perform a mining damage prevention project by using his or her name or lends his or her certificate of career to any other person, in violation of Article 18-3(1); |
| 2. | A person who performs a mining damage prevention project by using another person's name or borrows another person's certificate of career, in violation of Article 18-3(2); |
| 3. | A person who arranges any act prohibited under Article 18-3(1) or (2), in violation of paragraph (3) of that Article; |
| 4. | A person who uses a facility which has not undergone an inspection under Article 28 or has failed to pass an inspection. |
| Article 49 (Administrative fines) |
| (1) | A person who falsely reports performance, etc. in violation of Article 13-2(4) shall be punished by an administrative fine not exceeding 10 million won. |
| (2) | Administrative fines under paragraph (1) shall be imposed and collected by the Minister of Trade, Industry and Resources, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Oct. 1, 2025> |
[This Article Added on Jun. 15, 2021]
ADDENDA <Act No. 7551, May 31, 2005>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Transitional measures concerning mining damage prevention facilities)
Mining damage prevention facilities installed pursuant to the following as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed to have obtained approval under Article 8(3): | 3. | Other facilities installed with the authorization of the Minister of Environment or the relevant Mayor/Do Governor in accordance with related statutes, such as the Wastes Control Act, in order to prevent mining damage. |
Article 3 (Transitional measures concerning establishment of mining damage prevention organization)
| (1) | The Coal Industry Promotion Board established pursuant to Article 31 of the Coal Industry Act as at the time this Act enters into force may apply to the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Resources to have the Mining Damage Prevention Organization to be established under this Act succeed to all rights, duties, and property in accordance with a resolution of the board of directors. |
| (2) | The Coal Industry Promotion Board, having obtained the approval from the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Resources according to the application under paragraph (1), shall be deemed to have been dissolved in concurrence with the establishment of the Mining Damage Prevention Organization, notwithstanding the provisions of the Civil Act which pertain to the dissolution and liquidation of corporations, and all the rights, duties, and property that belong to the corporation shall be succeeded by the Mining Damage Prevention Organization. |
| (3) | The value of the property to be succeeded by the Mining Damage Prevention Organization pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be the book value on the date preceding the date of registration of incorporation of the Mining Damage Prevention Organization. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 8355, Apr. 11, 2007>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 8852, Feb. 29, 2008>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 9010, Mar. 28, 2008>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force three months after the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability to executive officers of Corporation)
Provisions concerning executive officers, among amended provisions of Article 34, shall apply to the first executive officer appointed after this Act enters into force. Article 3 (Transitional measures concerning mining damage prevention organization)
The Mining Damage Prevention Organization established pursuant to the previous provisions as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed the Mine Reclamation Corporation established under the amended provisions of Article 31. Article 5 (Relationship to other statutes or regulations)
The citation of the previous Mining Damage Prevention Organization in other statutes or regulations as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed the citation of the Mine Reclamation Corporation under this Act.
ADDENDA <Act No. 9982, Jan. 27, 2010>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 10496, Mar. 30, 2011>
| (1) | (Enforcement date) This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. |
| (2) | (Applicability to deadline to notify charges) The amended provisions of Article 24(3) shall apply to charges calculated on and after this Act enters into force. |
| (3) | (Applicability to separate dealing with accounting of overseas projects) The separate dealing with accounting of overseas projects pursuant to the amended provisions of Article 39-2(5) shall begin to apply to the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the enforcement date of this Act falls. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
| (1) | This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 12154, Jan. 1, 2014>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 13080, Jan. 28, 2015>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability to collection of charges and additional charges)
The amended provisions of Article 26(2) and (3) shall begin to apply to the collection of the first charge and first surcharge for which the payment deadline comes after this Act enters into force. Article 3 (Transitional measures concerning incompetents)
Each person for whom the declaration of incompetence or quasi-incompetence remains effective pursuant to Article 2(2) of the Addenda to the Civil Act (Act No. 10429), shall be deemed as a person under adult guardianship under the amended provisions of subparagraph 1 of Article 14.
ADDENDA <Act No. 13729, Jan. 6, 2016>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 16793, Dec. 10, 2019>
This Act shall enter into force three months after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 16936, Feb. 4, 2020>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 17919, Mar. 9, 2021>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDUM <Act No. 18270, Jun. 15, 2021>
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 21065, Oct. 1, 2025>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, the amended provisions of the statutes which were promulgated before this Act enters into force but the enforcement dates of which have not yet arrived, from among the statutes amended under Article 7 of the Addenda, shall enter into force ... <omitted> ... on the respective enforcement dates of the relevant statutes: