CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
The purpose of this Act is to contribute to promoting ancient cities as vibrant historical and cultural cities by recovering the identity of ancient cities and improving residents' living conditions through the efficient preservation and promotion of the historical and cultural environment of ancient cities which are cultural assets of our nation.
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
The terms used in this Act are defined as follows: <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; Mar. 21, 2023; Aug. 8, 2023>
| 1. | "Ancient cities" means political and cultural hub of our nation in Gyeongju, Buyeo, Gongju, Iksan, and other areas prescribed by Presidential Decree after undergoing the procedures referred to in Article 7, which have deep historical significance; |
| 2. | "Historical and cultural environment of ancient cities" means all elements that constitute ancient cities, such as natural environments that form the background for the formation and development process of the ancient cities and tangible and intangible cultural heritage of historical significance; |
| 3. | "Ancient cities preservation and promotion project" means a project implemented in accordance with the master plan to preserve and promote ancient cities under Article 8 (hereinafter referred to as "preservation and promotion project"); provided, a resident support project shall be excluded; |
| 4. | "Resident support project" means a project carried out to improve the living environment and promote the welfare of the residents of the districts designated under Article 10 in accordance with the master plan to preserve and promote ancient cities established under Article 8. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 3 (Responsibilities of the state and local governments) |
The State and each local government shall endeavor to preserve the historical and cultural environment of ancient cities. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011>
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 4 (Relationships with other plans under other statutes) |
The master plan to preserve and promote ancient cities formulated under this Act shall take precedence over preservation or development plans formulated under other Acts; provided, plans formulated under this Act shall not take precedence over plans prescribed by Presidential Decree and plans for military affairs which are provided in Article 6 of the Framework Act on the National Land. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> [This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 5 (Central Committee for Deliberation on Preservation and Promotion of Ancient Cities) |
| (1) | The Central Committee for Deliberation on Preservation and Promotion of Ancient Cities (hereinafter referred to as the "Central Deliberative Committee") shall be established under the jurisdiction of the Korea Heritage Service to deliberate on the following matters and efficiently promote preservation and promotion projects and resident support projects: <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | Matters concerning the designation of ancient cities under Article 7; |
| 2. | Matters concerning the master plan to preserve and promote ancient cities under Article 8; |
| 3. | Matters concerning the designation of districts and revocation and alteration thereof under Article 10; |
| 4. | Matters concerning permission to engage in acts within historical and cultural environment special preservation districts under Article 11(1); |
| 5. | Matters concerning the designation of project executors under Article 15; |
| 6. | Other matters prescribed by Presidential Decree and necessary for preservation and promotion projects and resident support projects. |
| (2) | The Central Deliberative Committee shall be comprised of no more than 20 members, including one chairperson and two vice chairpersons. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
| (3) | The Central Deliberative Committee shall be chaired by the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, and the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service shall appoint one vice-chairperson respectively from among public officials who are members of the Senior Executive Service. <Amended on May 8, 2009; Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 23, 2013; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (4) | Members of the Central Deliberative Committee shall be appointed or commissioned by the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service from among the following persons. In such cases, public officials nominated respectively by the Minister of Interior and Safety, the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism, and the Minister of Planning and Budget shall serve as ex officio members: <Added on May 8, 2009; Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 23, 2013; Nov. 19, 2014; Jul. 26, 2017; Aug. 8, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024; Oct. 1, 2025> |
| 1. | A public official nominated by the head of a related central administrative agency from among members of the Senior Executive Service; |
| 2. | A Grade II, Grade III, or equivalent public official nominated by the head of a metropolitan or provincial local government having jurisdiction over an ancient city; |
| 3. | Two or more persons who have abundant knowledge about and experience in national heritage; |
| 4. | Two or more persons recommended by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport from among persons who have abundant knowledge about and experience in urban planning. |
| (5) | Where deemed necessary to efficiently support the affairs of the Central Deliberative Committee and conduct professional surveys and research, expert members may be appointed within budgetary limits. <Added on May 29, 2016> |
| (6) | Other matters necessary for the composition and operation of the Central Deliberative Committee, appointment of expert members, etc. shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on May 8, 2009; Jul. 21, 2011; May 29, 2016> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
[Title Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 5-2 (Regional committees for deliberation on preservation and promotion of ancient cities) |
| (1) | In order to deliberate on the following matters relating to the preservation and promotion of each ancient city, a regional committee for deliberation on preservation and promotion of an ancient city (hereinafter referred to as "regional deliberative committee") shall be established under each relevant Special Self-Governing City, Special Self-Governing Province or Si/Gun/Gu (referring to an autonomous Gu; hereinafter the same shall apply): <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016> |
| 1. | Matters concerning an implementation plan to preserve and promote an ancient city under Article 8-2(1); |
| 2. | Matters concerning permission to engage in acts within districts for the preservation and promotion of historical and cultural environments under Article 11(3); |
| 3. | Other matters prescribed by municipal ordinance as deemed necessary for the preservation and promotion of the historical and cultural environment of an ancient city and for the support for residents. |
| (2) | A regional deliberative committee shall be comprised of no more than 15 members, including one chairperson. |
| (3) | Members of a regional deliberative committee shall be commissioned by the relevant Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu (referring to an autonomous Gu; hereinafter the same shall apply) from among the following persons, and the chairperson shall be elected from among and by its members: <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; Aug. 8, 2023> |
| 1. | Not more than two members of the local council recommended by the local council of the Special Self-Governing City, Special Self-Governing Province, or Si/Gun/Gu; |
| 2. | Not more than four representatives of regional residents recommended by the local council of the Special Self-Governing City, Special Self-Governing Province, or Si/Gun/Gu; |
| 3. | Not more than three experts respectively from the fields of national heritage, landscaping, and urban planning. |
| (4) | Where deemed necessary to efficiently support the affairs of the regional deliberative committee and conduct professional survey and research, expert members may be appointed within budgetary limits. <Added on May 29, 2016> |
| (5) | Other matters necessary for the composition and operation of regional deliberative committees, appointment of expert members, etc. shall be prescribed by ordinances of a Special Self-Governing City, Special Self-Governing Province, or Si/Gun/Gu. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016> |
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 5-3 (Grounds for disqualification for members) |
Any of the following persons shall be disqualified as a member of the Central Deliberative Committee or a regional deliberative committee: <Amended on May 29, 2016; Aug. 8, 2023>
| 1. | Deleted; <Dec. 8, 2020> |
| 2. | A person who has been declared bankrupt by the court and has not been reinstated; |
| 3. | A person in whose case 2 years have not passed since his or her imprisonment without labor or heavier punishment as declared by a court was completely executed (including where such punishment is deemed completed) or exempted; |
| 4. | A person who is under a suspended sentence of imprisonment without labor or a heavier punishment as declared by a court; |
| 5. | A person whose qualifications are suspended by a court ruling or any Act. |
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
CHAPTER II DESIGNATION OF ANCIENT CITIES
| Article 6 (Feasibility study and basic surveys) |
| (1) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the Special Metropolitan City Mayor, a Metropolitan City Mayor, or a Do Governor (hereinafter referred to as "Mayor/Do Governor), a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu may conduct a feasibility study on an area which requires examination for designation as an ancient city. <Amended on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (2) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the Special Metropolitan City Mayor, a Metropolitan City Mayor, or a Do Governor (hereinafter referred to as "Mayor/Do Governor), a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu may conduct a basic survey on an area subject to formulation or alteration of the master plan to preserve and promote ancient cities pursuant to Article 8(1). <Amended on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (3) | If necessary for conducting a study or survey under paragraph (1) or (2), the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may require the Mayor/Do Governor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu having jurisdiction over the area, to conduct the relevant study or survey and submit the results thereof. <Amended on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (4) | Matters necessary for the establishment of plans for studies and surveys and the procedures, methods, etc. therefor used under paragraphs (1) and (2), shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Mar. 27, 2015]
| Article 7 (Designation of ancient cities) |
| (1) | If the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service intends to designate an area as an ancient city in accordance with result of the feasibility study conducted under Article 6(1), he or she shall follow procedures for deliberation by the Central Deliberative Committee. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (2) | A Mayor/Do Governor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/ Gun/Gu may request the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service to designate an area as an ancient city. In such cases, the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu shall consult with the competent Mayor/Do Governor before requesting such, and the relevant Mayor/Do Governor shall hear the opinions of the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu before requesting such. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (3) | Matters necessary for the procedures and method for and consultation, etc. on the designation of ancient cities and requests for such designation shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
[Title Amended on Mar. 27, 2015]
| Article 8 (Formulation of master plans to preserve and promote ancient cities) |
| (1) | Where the Administrator of the Cultural Heritage Administration designates an ancient city, he or she shall formulate a five-year master plan to preserve and promote the ancient city (hereinafter referred to as "master plan"). <Amended on Mar. 21, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (2) | The master plan shall include the following: |
| 1. | Matters concerning the preservation and promotion of historical and cultural environment of the ancient cities; |
| 2. | Matters concerning the designation of districts and revocation and alteration thereof under Article 10; |
| 3. | Matters concerning the promotion of cultural arts of the ancient cities and the installation and operation of cultural facilities; |
| 4. | Matters concerning the promotion of tourism industry of the ancient cities and laying foundation therefor; |
| 5. | Matters concerning the public relations of the ancient cities and international exchanges; |
| 6. | Matters concerning the compensation for land, buildings, etc. in the districts designated under Article 10; |
| 7. | Matters concerning resident support projects under Article 17-2; |
| 8. | Matters concerning measures for resettlement under Article 18; |
| 9. | Matters concerning the securing of financial resources for preservation and promotion projects and resident support projects; |
| 10. | Other matters prescribed by Presidential Decree and necessary for the preservation and promotion of the ancient cities and for the support for residents. |
| (3) | If the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service intends to formulate a master plan under paragraph (1), he or she shall consult thereon with the head of the relevant central administrative agency and the competent Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the competent Si/Gun/Gu, and shall submit such master plan to the Central Deliberative Committee for deliberation. <Amended on May 29, 2016; Mar. 21, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (4) | When the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service formulates a master plan, he or she shall notify such master plan to the head of the relevant central administrative agency, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the competent Si/Gun/Gu, and shall publicly notify it, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Mar. 21, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 8-2 (Formulation of implementation plans for preservation and promotion of ancient cities) |
| (1) | A project executor designated under Article 15 shall, after consulting with the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, or Special Self-Governing Province Governor (excluding cases where the Special Self-Governing City Mayor or the Special Self-Governing Province Governor is the project executor) in accordance with the master plan, formulate an implementation plan for the preservation and promotion of an ancient city (hereinafter referred to as "implementation plan") following the deliberation of the regional deliberative committee, and obtain approval thereof from the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (2) | When the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service approves an implementation plan, he or she shall forward the relevant documents to the head of each related central administrative agency, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu, and the Special Self-Governing City Mayor, the Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the Si/Gun/Gu who receives such documents shall publicly announce the plan without delay and make it available to the general public for inspection. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (3) | Paragraph (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis where an implementation plan is amended or abandoned; provided, where insignificant matters prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism are to be amended, consultation with the Mayor/Do Governor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayer, or a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, deliberation by the regional deliberative committee, and hearing of opinions under Article 9 may be omitted. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015> |
| (4) | Other matters necessary for the establishment and execution of implementation plans shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 9 (Hearing of residents' opinions) |
| (1) | In any of the following cases, the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu shall hear opinions from residents in the relevant ancient city and appropriate experts, and reflect such opinions, if he or she finds the opinions reasonable: <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | Where he or she designates an ancient city or requests the designation thereof under Article 7; |
| 2. | Where he or she establishes or alters a master plan or an implementation plan; |
| 3. | Where he or she designates, revokes, or alters the designation of a district under Article 10. |
| (2) | Matters necessary for hearing opinions pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 10 (Designation of districts) |
| (1) | For implementing a master plan, the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may designate an area within an ancient city as any of the following districts (hereinafter referred to as "designated district") following deliberation by the Central Deliberative Committee, as prescribed by Presidential Decree: <Amended on May 29, 2016; Mar. 21, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | A historical and cultural environment preservation and promotion district (hereinafter referred to as "Preservation and Promotion District"): An area where an additional survey is necessary to preserve the original form of an ancient city or an area where the preservation and promotion of the historical and cultural environments of an ancient city is necessary, such as an area adjoining a special preservation district; |
| 2. | A historical and cultural environment special preservation district (hereinafter referred to as "Special Preservation District"): A core area for the preservation of the historical and cultural environments of an ancient city, where it is necessary to preserve or reinstate such environment. |
| (2) | In any of the following cases, the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may revoke or alter the designation of districts, subject to deliberation by the Central Deliberative Committee: <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | Where it is no longer necessary to designate the district; |
| 2. | Where an event occurs to make it necessary to change the designation of the district; |
| 3. | Where a Mayor/Do Governor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu requests revocation or alteration. |
| (3) | If necessary for efficiently preserving and promoting the historical and cultural environments of an ancient city, the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may designate, or alter the designation of, a district by subdividing a designated district, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (4) | When the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service designates, or revokes or alters the designation of, a district under any of paragraphs (1) through (3), he or she shall publicly announce such fact, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, and forward a copy of the relevant documents to the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayer, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu. In such cases, publication of a topographical drawing, etc. shall be subject to Article 8 of the Framework Act on the Regulation of Land Use, and the Special Self-Governing City Mayor, the Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the Si/Gun/Gu in receipt of the copy of the relevant documents shall make the plan available to the general public for inspection without delay, and shall have its details reflected in an urban/Gun master plan and an urban/Gun management plan formulated under the National Land Planning and Utilization Act. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 11 (Restrictions on acts within designated districts) |
| (1) | No one shall engage in of the following acts within a special preservation district; provided, a person may engage in such acts permitted by the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service following deliberation by the Central Deliberative Committee, as prescribed by Presidential Decree: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 21, 2011; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | Construction, renovation, extension, or relocation of a building or other structure or a change of purposes of use of such a building or structure; |
| 2. | Development of housing sites, reclamation of land, or a change of the form or quality of land; |
| 3. | Planting or cutting of trees or the collection and piling up of soil and rocks; |
| 4. | Construction, expansion, or paving of a road; |
| 5. | Other acts prescribed by Presidential Decree that affect or are likely to affect the preservation of the historical and cultural environments of an ancient city. |
| (2) | Notwithstanding the proviso to paragraph (1), the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may permit minor acts prescribed by Presidential Decree and acts in conformity with the standard for permission prescribed by Presidential Decree referred to in paragraph (8) without deliberation of the Central Deliberative Committee. <Added on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (3) | A person who intends to engage in any of the following acts within a preservation and promotion district shall obtain permission from the relevant Special Self-Governing City Mayor or Special Self-Governing Province Governor or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu following deliberation by the regional deliberative committee, as prescribed by Presidential Decree: <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016> |
| 1. | Construction, renovation, or extension and relocation of a building or other structure; |
| 2. | Development of housing sites, reclamation of land, or a change of the form or quality of land; |
| 3. | Planting or cutting of trees or the collection of soil and rocks; |
| 4. | Construction or expansion of a road; |
| 5. | Other acts prescribed by Presidential Decree that affect the preservation of the historical and cultural environments of an ancient city. |
| (4) | Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the relevant Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu may permit minor acts prescribed by Presidential Decree and acts in conformity with the standard for permission prescribed by Presidential Decree referred to in paragraph (8) without deliberation of the regional deliberative committee. <Added on May 29, 2016> |
| (5) | Notwithstanding paragraph (3), a person may alter or repair the interior facilities of a structure without altering the external form of the structure or engage in an act prescribed by Presidential Decree without permission from a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016> |
| (6) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu shall notify whether permission is granted or reasons of delay in permission process within 30 days of receipt of an application for permission filed under paragraph (1) or (3). In such cases, if the result on whether permission is granted or reasons for delay in permission process is not notified within such period, the case at issue shall be deemed to have been permitted on the day immediately following the expiration of such time limit. <Added on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Aug. 8, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (7) | Where the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu notifies reasons for delay in permission process under paragraph (6), the time limit for permission process under paragraph (6) may be extended by up to 15 days. <Added on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (8) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service shall determine the specific standards for permission for acts provided in the subparagraphs of paragraphs (1) and (3) by Presidential Decree; provided, if any necessity arises to determine the standards for permission depending upon the characteristics of designated districts, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu may prescribe them by ordinances, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, after consulting with the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service. <Added on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (9) | A person who has obtained permission for acts pursuant to paragraph (1) or (3) shall report on the commencement, alteration, or completion of the matters permitted to the permitting authority, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on May 29, 2016> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
[Title Amended on May. 8, 2009]
| Article 11-2 (Applicability to restrictions to activities under the Act on Conservation and Utilization of Cultural Heritage and the Act on the Conservation and Utilization of Modern and Contemporary Cultural Heritage) |
| (1) | Notwithstanding Article 11(1) through (5), the Act on Conservation and Utilization of Cultural Heritage and the Act on the Conservation and Utilization of Modern and Contemporary Cultural Heritage shall apply with respect to permission for acts under Article 11(1) through (5) in the areas where the designated zone overlaps with the locations of designated cultural heritage and its protective facilities or protection zones under the Act on Conservation and Utilization of Cultural Heritage, the locations of provisionally designated cultural heritage under the same Act, and the locations of registered cultural heritage under the Act on the Conservation and Utilization of Modern and Contemporary Cultural Heritage. <Amended on Sep. 14, 2023> |
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
[Title Amended on Sep. 14, 2023]
| Article 11-3 (Relationship with imposition of restrictions on acts under the Act on Preservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage) |
| (1) | Notwithstanding Article 11(1) through (5), Article 11(1) through (5) of the Act on the Conservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage shall apply to permission for acts under Article 11(1) through (5) in areas where the designated district overlaps with the locations of natural monuments, etc. and their protective facilities or protection zones under the Act on the Conservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage, provisionally designated natural monuments and provisionally designated natural monuments under the same Act. <Amended on Feb. 6, 2024> |
[This Article Added on Mar. 21, 2023]
| Article 12 (Legal fiction of authorization or permission) |
| (1) | In cases where a project executor designated under Article 15 has obtained approval of an implementation plan or permission under Article 11(1) through (4), with respect to the matters on which the Administrator of Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu has consulted in advance with the head of each relevant administrative agency relating to the following permission, authorization, approval, reporting, revocation, consent, decision, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "permission, etc."), the permission, etc. shall be deemed to have been granted: <Amended on Mar. 21, 2008; Dec. 31, 2008; Jun. 9, 2009; Jul. 21, 2011; Jan. 14, 2014; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Dec. 27, 2016; Feb. 8, 2017; Mar. 31, 2020; Dec. 27, 2022; May 16, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 4. | Consultation with, or approval by, the competent river management authorities under Article 6 of the River Act; permission to implement a river project under Article 30 of that Act; permission to occupy and use a river under Article 33 of that Act; or permission to use river water under Article 50 of that Act; |
| 7. | Determination of road zones under Article 25 of the Road Act, permission to implement road works by a person who is not a road management agency under Article 36 of that Act, permission to occupy and use roads under Article 61 of that Act, and consultation with or approval by the competent road management authorities under Article 107 of that Act; |
| 8. | Permission to implement a public sewerage project under Article 16 of the Sewerage Act; permission to occupy and use a public sewerage system under Article 24 of that Act; or reporting on installation of a discharging facility under Article 27 of that Act; |
| (2) | Deleted. <May. 16, 2023> |
| (3) | Deleted. <May. 16, 2023> |
| (4) | If there is an urgent necessity for the public interest and consultation (including de facto consultation) is held with respect to important matters for implementing a project among the matters set forth in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1), the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu may grant permission under Article 11(1) through (4), even if the consultation on all of the necessary matters is not completed, on condition of the completion of such necessary consultation. <Added on Jul. 21, 2011; May 29, 2016; May 16, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (5) | Except as provided in paragraphs (1) through (4), Articles 24 through 26 of the Framework Act on Administration shall apply to the standards, effects, etc. of legal fiction of permission, etc. and other relevant matters. <Added on May. 16, 2023> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 13 (Revocation of permission) |
If a person who has obtained permission under Article 11(1) through (4) falls under any of the following, the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the competent Si/Gun/Gu may revoke the permission; provided, the permission shall be revoked if the person falls under subparagraph 1: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> | 1. | If he or she obtained the permission by fraud or other improper means; |
| 2. | If he or she violated the permitted matters or any condition of the permission; |
| 3. | If it is impossible for him or her to fulfill the permitted matters. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 14 (Administrative orders) |
| (1) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu may order a person who falls under any of the following subparagraphs to reinstate an area to the extent necessary for a preservation and promotion project or may order the same to take necessary measures equivalent to such reinstatement, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, if the reinstatement of such area is found to be impractical: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| 1. | A person who engaged in an act provided in any subparagraph of Article 11(1) or (3) without permission; |
| 2. | A person who violated any permitted matter under Article 11(1) through (4); |
| 3. | A person who obtained permission under Article 11(1) through (4) by fraud or other wrongful means. |
| (2) | If a person who falls under any subparagraph of paragraph (1) fails to comply with an order issued under paragraph (1), the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the competent Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu may carry out the vicarious execution under the Administrative Vicarious Execution Act. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
CHAPTER III PRESERVATION PROJECT
| Article 15 (Project executors) |
A preservation and promotion project and a resident support project shall be executed by the head of the local government having jurisdiction over an ancient city or a person designated by the head of the relevant local government (hereinafter referred to as "project executor"), subject to consultation with the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service and deliberation by the Central Deliberative Committee. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Mar. 21, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024>
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
[Title Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 16 (Costs and expenses for projects) |
| (1) | The State may fully or partially bear costs and expenses incurred in a preservation and promotion project and a resident support project within budgetary limits. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
| (2) | The State and each local government shall endeavor to secure financial resources under Article 8(2)9 for preservation and promotion projects and resident support projects. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
[Title Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 17 (Acquisition by consultation or expropriation) |
| 1. | Parcels of land, buildings, or any fixtures on the land; |
| 2. | Rights other than the ownership of parcels of land, buildings or any fixtures on the land. |
| (2) | A project executor may expropriate or use land, etc. necessary for a preservation and promotion project and a resident support project within a designated district, if consultation under paragraph (1) is not effected. |
| (3) | If necessary for efficiently managing a designated district, a project executor may acquire or use land, etc. located outside the designated district prescribed by Presidential Decree through consultation. |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 17-2 (Resident support projects) |
| (1) | The types of resident support projects shall be as follows: |
| 1. | Projects to increase residents' income; |
| 2. | Projects to promote welfare; |
| 3. | Projects to improve dwelling conditions, such as repairing of housing; |
| 4. | Projects to improve infrastructure, such as roads, parking lots, water, and sewage systems; |
| 5. | Other projects prescribed by Presidential Decree for residents' living convenience, educational and cultural projects, etc. |
| (2) | Matters necessary for the procedures for implementing resident support projects, beneficiaries of, and standards and other matters for, the support under paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. |
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 17-3 (Guarantee of residents' property rights) |
The State and the head of each local government shall take administrative and financial supporting measures necessary to guarantee the property rights of the residents of designated districts.
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 17-4 (Priority in employing residents of designated districts) |
The Mayor of a Special Self-Governing City, the Governor of a Special Self-Governing Province, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu shall take measures to give priority in employing the residents of the designated districts in preservation and promotion projects and resident support projects. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015>
[This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 17-5 (Support for project executors) |
The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service or the head of a local government may provide financial and administrative support to the project executors designated under Article 15. <Amended on May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> [This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 18 (Measures for resettlement) |
| (1) | A project executor shall establish and implement measures for resettlement, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, for persons anticipated to lose their base of livelihood as a consequence of the supply of residential buildings as part of the preservation and promotion project. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015> |
| (2) | When a project executor intends to establish and implement measures for resettlement pursuant to paragraph (1), he or she shall consult thereon in advance with the Mayor of the Special Self-Governing City, the Governor of the Special Self-Governing Province, or the head of the Si/Gun/Gu having jurisdiction over the ancient city at issue. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 19 (Demand for purchase of land or buildings) |
| (1) | Any of the following persons may demand a project executor to purchase his or her land, building, etc. if the person is unable to use the land, building, etc. for his or her original purpose because of failure to obtain permission under Article 11(1) through (4) on the ground of preservation and promotion of the historical and cultural environment of an ancient city: <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; May 29, 2016> |
| 1. | A person who has owned a parcel of land, a building, etc. in a designated district continuously before the district was designated; |
| 2. | A person who inherited a parcel of land, a building, etc. from an owner under subparagraph 1 and has owned it since the inheritance; |
| 3. | A person prescribed by Presidential Decree among owners of a parcel of land, a building, etc. in a designated district. |
| (2) | A project executor shall, upon receiving a demand for purchase under paragraph (1), purchase the parcel of land, building, etc. if it meets the standards for the objects of purchase. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
| (4) | Standards for the objects and time limit of, and the procedures for, purchasing parcels of land, buildings, etc. pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2), and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 19-2 (Exemption from various charges) |
Public facilities prescribed by Presidential Decree, which are installed by resident support projects pursuant to Article 17-2, such as facilities for common use and public use, shall be exempted from the relevant charges, as prescribed by the following Acts: [This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
CHAPTER IV SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
| Article 20 (Restrictions on disposal of state or public land) |
| (1) | Any parcel of land owned by the State or a local government and located in a designated district shall not be sold or transferred for any purpose other than a preservation and promotion project and a resident support project. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
| (2) | A project executor designated under Article 15 may gratuitously use any property owned by the State or a local government and located in a designated district, if necessary for the preservation and promotion project and resident support project, notwithstanding the State Property Act, the Public Property and Commodity Management Act, or any other Act. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 21 (Tax reduction or exemption) |
The State or a local government may grant a tax reduction or exemption on gains accruing from the transfer or acquisition of a parcel of land, etc. in a designated district, or income accruing from the management of a business prescribed by Presidential Decree in a designated district, as provided in the Restriction of Special Taxation Act or the Restriction of Special Local Taxation Act. <Amended on Mar. 31, 2010> [This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 22 (Reporting and inspection) |
| (1) | The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu may order a project executor to submit a report or data on facts as may be necessary or assign public officials under his or her jurisdiction to inspect its affairs related to the preservation and promotion project and resident support project. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (2) | Every public official who conducts an inspection on affairs related to a preservation and promotion project and a resident support project pursuant to paragraph (1) shall carry with him or her an identification card certifying his or her authority and produce it to persons involved. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 23 (Access to land) |
| (1) | A person who conducts a study or survey pursuant to Article 6 or a project executor who implements a preservation and promotion project and a resident support project may enter or temporarily use a third person's land, if necessary, and may relocate or remove trees, soil, rocks, and other obstacles. <Amended on Mar. 27, 2015> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 24 (Delegation or entrustment of authority) |
The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service may delegate part of his or her authority granted under this Act to the head of a local government or entrust it to a person specified by Presidential Decree, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024>
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
When the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu intends to revoke permission under Article 13, issue an order to reinstate an area, or to take equivalent measures pursuant to Article 14, he or she shall hold a hearing for the party subject to such intended disposition or order in advance. <Amended on Jul. 21, 2011; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> [This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 25-2 (Legal fiction of public official for purposes of applying penalty provisions) |
A non-public official member among the members of the Central Deliberative Committee or a regional deliberative committee shall be deemed a public official for the purposes of the provisions of Articles 129 through 132 of the Criminal Act. [This Article Added on Jul. 21, 2011]
| Article 25-3 (Re-examination of regulation) |
The Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service shall examine the appropriateness of prohibition on acts within designated districts referred to in Article 11 every three years from January 1, 2017 (referring to the period that ends on the day before January 1 of every third year) and take measures, such as making improvements. <Amended on Feb. 13, 2024> [This Article Added on May 29, 2016]
CHAPTER V PENALTY PROVISIONS
| Article 26 (Penalty provisions) |
| (1) | A person who engages in an act provided in any subparagraph of Article 11(1) without permission, in violation of the aforesaid paragraph of that Article, shall be punished by imprisonment with prison labor for not more than three years or by a fine not exceeding 30 million won. |
| (2) | A person who engages in an act provided in any subparagraph of Article 11(3) without permission, in violation of the aforesaid paragraph of that Article, shall be punished by imprisonment with prison labor for not more than two years or by a fine not exceeding 20 million won. <Amended on May 29, 2016> |
| (3) | A person who fails to comply with an order issued by the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, the competent Mayor/Do Governor, Special Self-Governing City Mayor, Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of the relevant Si/Gun/Gu to reinstate an area, or to take other measures pursuant to Article 14(1) shall be punished by imprisonment with prison labor for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding ten million won. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Aug. 8, 2023; Feb. 13, 2024> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
| Article 27 (Joint penalty provisions) |
If the representative of a corporation or an agent, an employee, or (any) other servant of the corporation or an individual commits an offence under Article 26 in connection with the business of the corporation or the individual, not only shall such offender be punished, but also the corporation or the individual shall be punished by a fine under the relevant provisions; provided, this shall not apply where such corporation or individual has not been negligent in giving due attention and supervision concerning the relevant business to prevent such offence. [This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 26, 2008]
| Article 28 (Administrative fines) |
| (1) | Any of the following persons shall be punished by an administrative fine not exceeding three million won: |
| 1. | A person who refuses to submit a report or data without any justifiable grounds, in violation of Article 22, who submits a false report, or who refuses, interferes with, or evades an inspection; |
| 2. | A person who refuses or interferes with the access or use of land by a public official or a project executor under Article 23 without any justifiable grounds. |
| (2) | Administrative fines under paragraph (1) shall be imposed and collected by the Administrator of the Korea Heritage Service, a Mayor/Do Governor, a Special Self-Governing City Mayor, a Special Self-Governing Province Governor, or the head of a Si/Gun/Gu, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; May 8, 2009; Mar. 27, 2015; May 29, 2016; Feb. 13, 2024> |
| (3) | Deleted. <May 8, 2009> |
| (4) | Deleted. <May 8, 2009> |
| (5) | Deleted. <May 8, 2009> |
[This Article Wholly Amended on Dec. 21, 2007]
ADDENDA <Act No. 7178, Mar. 5, 2004>
| (1) | (Enforcement date) This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation. |
| (2) | (Transitional measure) Where a project has commenced with authorization or permission under any other Act before a special preservation district or a historical cultural environment district under this Act is designated, such project shall be deemed to have been permitted pursuant to Article 11 (1) or (2). |
ADDENDA <Act No. 7678, Aug. 4, 2005>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 8014, Sep. 27, 2006>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 8352, Apr. 11, 2007>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 8370, Apr. 11, 2007>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 8733, Dec. 21, 2007>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force nine months after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDUM <Act No. 8740, Dec. 21, 2007>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, the amended provisions of Article 12(1)4 shall enter into force on April 7, 2008.
ADDENDA <Act No. 8852, Feb. 29, 2008>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, ... (omitted)..., the amendments to the Acts promulgated before this Act enters into force but for which the enforcement date has not arrived, among the Acts amended pursuant to Article 6 of the Addenda, shall enter into force on the enforcement date of the relevant Act.
ADDENDA <Act No. 8976, Mar. 21, 2008>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDUM <Act No. 9213, Dec. 26, 2008>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 9313, Dec. 31, 2008>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 9656, May 8, 2009>
| (1) | (Enforcement date) This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation. |
| (2) | (Transitional measure) The members of the committee for the deliberation on preservation of ancient cities commissioned pursuant to the previous provisions of Article 5(3)3 and 4 before this Act enters into force, shall be deemed to have been commissioned pursuant to this Act. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 9763, Jun. 9, 2009>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force nine months after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 10220, Mar. 31, 2010>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on January 1, 2011.
ADDENDA <Act No. 10599, Apr. 14, 2011>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 10881, Jul. 21, 2011>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
Article 2 (Applicability)
| (1) | The amended provisions of Article 11 shall apply from the first application for permission to be filed after this Act enters into force. |
| (2) | The amended provisions of Article 11-2 shall apply from the first application for permission to be filed after the occurrence of duplication of areas due to the designation of a district under the amended provisions of Article 10. In such cases, any permission obtained (including an application for permission filed) prior to the duplication of areas shall be subject to the application of the previous Acts despite the occurrence of such duplication. |
Article 3 (Transitional measures)
| (1) | Members of the committee for deliberation on preservation of ancient cities commissioned under former Article 5 as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed members of the Central Committee for Deliberation on Preservation and Promotion of Ancient Cities commissioned under the amended provisions of Article 5. |
| (2) | Plans for the preservation of ancient cities established and approved under former Article 9 as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed master plans to preserve and promote ancient cities under the amended provisions of Article 8; provided, plans for the matters that are not included in the former plans for the preservation of ancient cities or need alteration among those that should be included pursuant to the amended provisions of Article 8(2) shall be prepared or altered, and subject to approval without delay. |
| (3) | Special preservation districts and historical and cultural environment districts designated and publicly announced as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed designated and publicly announced, respectively as special preservation districts and preservation and promotion districts under this Act. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
| (1) | This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 12248, Jan. 14, 2014>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 12844, Nov. 19, 2014>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, the amended parts of the Acts which were promulgated before this Act enters into force but the enforcement dates of which have not arrived yet among the Acts amended pursuant to Article 6 of the Addenda shall respectively enter into force on the enforcement dates of such Acts.
ADDENDA <Act No. 13245, Mar. 27, 2015>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.
Articles 2 (Transitional measures concerning alteration of term to feasibility study) A basic survey which has been conducted or is being conducted in an area which is deemed necessary to be designated as an ancient city under the former Article 6(1) as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed a feasibility study under the amended provisions of Article 6(1).
ADDENDA <Act No. 14201, May 29, 2016>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, the amended provisions of the following subparagraphs shall enter into force one year after the date of the promulgation:
| 3. | Article 11(6) through (8), the main sentence of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Article 12, and the main sentence of Article 13 (referring to the amended parts other than "Administrator of Korea Heritage Service"); |
Articles 2 (Applicability to permission on acts within designated district) The amended provisions of Article 11 (referring to the amended parts other than "Administrator of Cultural Heritage Administration") shall apply from the first application for permission filed after the same amended provisions enter into force. Articles 3 (Transitional measures concerning disqualification of incompetent) Notwithstanding the amended provisions of Article 5-3(1), former provisions shall apply to a person who is declared incompetent or quasi-incompetent and for whom the effect of the declaration of incompetency or quasi-incompetency remains valid pursuant to Article 2 of the Addenda of the Civil Act (Act No. 10429) as at the time this Act enters into force. Articles 4 (Transitional measures concerning designation of ancient cities) An ancient city designated pursuant to the former Article 7 as at the time this Act enters into force shall be construed as an ancient city designated pursuant to the amended provisions. Articles 5 (Transitional measures concerning permission within designated district) Any act permitted within a designated district pursuant to the former Article 11 as at the time this Act enters into force shall be deemed an act permitted pursuant to amended provisions.
ADDENDA <Act No. 14480, Dec. 27, 2016>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 14569, Feb. 8, 2017>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 14839, Jul. 26, 2017>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
| (1) | This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, the amended parts of Acts, which were promulgated before this Act enters into force but the enforcement date of which have not yet arrived, shall enter into force on the respective enforcement dates of the relevant Acts. |
ADDENDA <Act No. 16596, Nov. 26, 2019>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 17171, Mar. 31, 2020>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDUM <Act No. 17592, Dec. 8, 2020>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 19117, Dec. 27, 2022>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force six months after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 19243, Mar. 21, 2023>
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 19251, Mar. 21, 2023>
ADDENDA <Act No. 19410, May 16, 2023>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation. (Proviso Omitted.)
Article 2 (General applicability to raising of objections)
The amended provisions regarding raising objections shall begin to apply to dispositions made after this Act enters into force.
Matters regarding the period of consultation and deemed consultation between administrative agencies for the legal fiction of permission, etc. shall begin to apply to requests for consultation on the legal fiction of permission, etc. made after this Act enters into force.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 19585, Aug. 8, 2023>
This Act shall enter into force on May 17, 2024.
ADDENDUM <Act No. 19592, Aug. 8, 2023>
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 19702, Sep. 14, 2023>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force one year after the date of its promulgation.
ADDENDA <Act No. 20194, Feb. 16, 2024>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on May 17, 2024. (Proviso Omitted.)
ADDENDA <Act No. 20309, Feb. 13, 2024>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on May 17, 2024; provided, the amended provisions promulgated before this Act enters into force but the enforcement date of which has yet to arrive, among the Acts amended under Article 4 of the Addenda, shall enter into force on the date of enforcement dates of respective Act.
ADDENDA <Act No. 21065, Oct. 1, 2025>
Article 1 (Enforcement date)
This Act shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation; provided, any amendments to the Acts which were promulgated before this Act enters into force but the enforcement dates of which have yet to arrive, among the Acts amended under Article 6 of the Addenda, shall enter into force on the enforcement dates of the relevant Acts, respectively, and the amended provisions of the following subparagraphs shall enter into force on the date specified in the respective subparagraphs: | 1. | The amended provisions set forth in each of the following items shall enter into force on January 2, 2026; provided, any provisions amending the Acts pursuant to Article 7 of the Addenda (limited to the provisions related to the amended provisions of items a and b) that were promulgated before the enforcement date prescribed in the main clause but whose enforcement dates have not yet arrived shall enter into force on the enforcement date of each respective Act: |
| c. | The Acts amended pursuant to Article 7 of the Addenda (limited to the portions related to the amended provisions of items a and b). |